George Thieme Verlag. In addition, sometimes the term "paraclinoid" is used, encompassing both the clinoid and ophthalmic segments 8. Shin JH, Lee HK, Kim SY, Choi CG, Suh DC. It lies superior to the medial pterygoid muscle.It is supplied by pterygoid branches of the maxillary artery, and the lateral pterygoid nerve (from the mandibular nerve, CN V 3).It depresses and protrudes the mandible.When each muscle works independently, they can move the This portion inserts on the skin of the upper eyelid, as well as the superior tarsal plate. An older but simpler classification by Gibo used the following labels 2: Of mainly historical significance, the Terminologia Anatomica subdivided the ICA into only four parts. (2001) AJR. Atlas of anatomy, Head and neuroanatomy. Structure. The tensor tympani is a muscle that is present in the middle ear.It arises from the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the adjacent great wing of the sphenoid.It then passes through its own canal, and ends in the tympanic cavity as a slim tendon that connects to the handle of the malleus.The tendon makes a sharp bend around the processus cochleariformis, part of the wall 9. posterior: an extension of tensor veli palatini muscle fascia termed the tensor-vascular-styloid fascia 1,10-12; or an extension of the fascia of the stylopharyngeus, styloglossus, and levator veli palatini muscles 13,14; Relations. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. They are usually found in regions near the agonist and often connect to the same bones. Background: The aim of our study was to examine the effect of mild maternal hypothyroidism on the apoptosis of the oocytes in the ovaries of rats in the early postnatal period during formation of oocytes and follicles. It may also partially originate from the orbicularis oris muscle. (2012) Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA. Vinay Kumar. (2014) Oral oncology. The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of both the upper lip and of the wing of the nose".It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal. (2013) Clinical anatomy (New York, N.Y.). elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip, depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip, embryological development of the head and neck. 1996;38(3):425-32; discussion 432-3. These muscles have a common embryonic origin the 2nd pharyngeal arch. NB: although Graves disease is autoimmune it is not really a thyroiditis as it does not have a significant inflammatory component. 1991;157 (1): 147-54. Unable to process the form. The common carotid artery bifurcates to form the internal carotid and the external carotid artery (ECA).Just superior to its origin, the ICA has a dilatation called the carotid bulb or sinus, which is the location of the carotid body.. Schnke M, Schulte E, Ph.D. LM et-al. As it exits the carotid canal it lies superior to the foramen lacerum (C3 segment)and then turns 90 superiorly and then immediately another 90oturn anteriorly to groove the body of the sphenoidand enter the medial aspect of the cavernous sinus,at the petrolingual ligament (C4 segment). The tensor tympani is a muscle that is present in the middle ear.It arises from the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the adjacent great wing of the sphenoid.It then passes through its own canal, and ends in the tympanic cavity as a slim tendon that connects to the handle of the malleus.The tendon makes a sharp bend around the processus cochleariformis, part of the wall 8. Som PM, Curtin HD. If the inferior rectus muscle is damaged, weak, or paralysed, this can cause strabismus. It is innervated by the facial nerve (VII). Background: The aim of our study was to examine the effect of mild maternal hypothyroidism on the apoptosis of the oocytes in the ovaries of rats in the early postnatal period during formation of oocytes and follicles. Depressor labii inferioris originates from the oblique line of mandible, between the symphysis menti and mental foramen.From here, the muscle courses superomedially, inserting to the skin and submucosa of lower lip. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx . Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Origin. Shapiro M, Becske T, Riina H et al. 3D Angiographic Atlas of Neurovascular Anatomy and Pathology. 6. The depressor septi is a direct antagonist The lingual vein passes medial to the hyoglossus, and the lingual artery passes deep to the hyoglossus. Churchill Livingstone. Aygun N, Zinreich SJ. 36 (7): 1058-68. Suppose you can visualize the material as you are learning it in real-time. The retropharyngeal space is a midline deep compartment of the head and neck that consists largely of fatty areolar tissue and lymph nodes that drain the pharynx, nose, and middle ear. American journal of roentgenology. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Gaillard F, Worsley C, Yap J, et al. The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen.It elevates angle of mouth medially. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part (compressor naris muscle) arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa.Its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the Segments of the Internal Carotid Artery: A New Classification. 2. posterior: an extension of tensor veli palatini muscle fascia termed the tensor-vascular-styloid fascia 1,10-12; or an extension of the fascia of the stylopharyngeus, styloglossus, and levator veli palatini muscles 13,14; Relations. 13. (2016) European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology. There are seven segments in the Bouthillier classification: The labels C1-C7 are not universally recognized and the descriptive terms are preferred for reporting. Check for errors and try again. 1. The human head typically weighs between 2.3 and 5 kilograms (5.1 and 11.0 lb) Over 98% of humans fit into this range. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Nasalis Alar nasalis Transverse nasalis for example, how a particular muscle is attached t.i. 3. The levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle is, translated from Latin, the "lifter of both the upper lip and of the wing of the nose".It has the longest name of any muscle in an animal. 8. Internal carotid artery. The terms "artery" and "nerve" are both used when these structures are mentioned. The human head typically weighs between 2.3 and 5 kilograms (5.1 and 11.0 lb) Over 98% of humans fit into this range. (2008) ISBN: 9783135334059 -. The other terminal branch is the internal carotid (ICA), which is somewhat larger than the ECA, which supplies the intracranial structures. posteromedial to the masticator space, particularly medial pterygoid muscle; anteromedial to the parotid space Buccinator muscle (Musculus buccinator) The buccinator muscle is a thin quadrilateral facial muscle that is the main component of the cheek.It belongs to the buccolabial group of facial muscles along with levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor labii inferioris, The parotid gland is wrapped around the mandibular ramus and extends to a position anterior and inferior to the ear. pneumocystis jiroveci infection (PCP/PJP). The humerus (Latin: humerus) is a long bone that forms the skeleton of the free upper arm.It extends between the shoulder and the elbow, and it is also the longest and largest bone of the upper limb.. Levator labii superioris . It has superficial and deep lobes, separated by the facial nerve. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle: Snarl Levator anguli oris: Soft smile Nasalis: Flare nostrils Orbicularis oris muscle: Purse Lips Depressor septi nasi: Depresses nasal septum Procerus: Moves skin of forehead Testing the nerve Puff up cheeks (buccinator) i. It is the only extraocular muscle innervated by 26 (2): 204-12. elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip, depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip, embryological development of the head and neck. It consists of two parts, transverse and alar: The transverse part (compressor naris muscle) arises from the maxilla, above and lateral to the incisive fossa.Its fibers proceed upward and medially, expanding into a thin aponeurosis which is continuous on the bridge of the nose with that of the Structures that are medial/deep to the hyoglossus are the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve 9), the stylohyoid ligament and the lingual artery and lingual vein.. If the inferior rectus muscle is damaged, weak, or paralysed, this can cause strabismus. 5. Course. Suppose you can visualize the material as you are learning it in real-time. In most cases, the carotid bifurcation occurs between the levels of the C3 and C5 vertebrae, or between the levels of the hyoid bone and upper border of the thyroid cartilage9. It may be absent or asymmetrical in some people. Differential diagnosis of head and neck lesions based on their space of origin. Terminologia Anatomica. The lingual vein passes medial to the hyoglossus, and the lingual artery passes deep to the hyoglossus. (2011) ISBN:0443066841. Koch BL, Hamilton BE, Hudgins PA, Harnsberger HR. Gross anatomy. The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu.. However, the alar fascia is not discernable on cross-sectional imaging 4. They are usually found in regions near the agonist and often connect to the same bones. It has superficial and deep lobes, separated by the facial nerve. (2000) ISBN: 9780632054039 -, 7. The thyroid is butterfly or "H"-shaped and is composed of two lobes, each with a superior and inferior pole. 14. The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle originating in the upper, medial side of the orbit (i.e. Figure 3: external carotid artery (Gray's illustration), Figure 4: external carotid artery main branches, Figure 6: development from the aortic arches (Gray's illustration), Figure 7: carotid artery development (Gray's illustration), Case 2: digital subtraction angiography (DSA), superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle, superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, ostiomeatal narrowing due to variant anatomy, Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students, Some American Ladies Found Our Pyramids Most Satisfactory, anteriorly (i.e. 5. The human head typically weighs between 2.3 and 5 kilograms (5.1 and 11.0 lb) Over 98% of humans fit into this range. linguofacial trunk (incidence ~20%): common origin lingual and facial arteries; thyrolingual trunk (incidence ~2.5%): common Anne G. Osborn. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy. The lateral pterygoid muscle (or external pterygoid muscle) is a muscle of mastication.It has two heads. The lingual vein passes medial to the hyoglossus, and the lingual artery passes deep to the hyoglossus. Singapore Med J. posteriorly:thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, trachea, posteromedially:tracheo-esophageal groove (containing lymph nodes, recurrent laryngeal nerve, parathyroid glands), ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, superior thyroid artery (from the external carotid artery), inferior thyroid artery (from the thyrocervical trunk), if the inferior thyroid artery arises from the subclavian artery it is referred to as an accessory inferior thyroid artery, superior thyroid vein (drains to the internal jugular vein), middle thyroid vein (drains to the internal jugular vein), inferior thyroid vein (drains via plexus to the brachiocephalic vein). (2015) The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. (1961) ISBN: 0028523903 -. Stephanie Ryan, Michelle McNicholas, Stephen J. Eustace. The branches of the external carotid artery can be subdivided into groups: Memorable mnemonics for these branches include: ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads, Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Meesa IR, Mukherji SK. It first turns 90 anteromedially within the carotid canalas the C2 segment to run through the petrous temporal bone. - it's origin and insertion can make it way easier to remember it later and remember the function of that muscle. "Thyroid" derives from the Greek word "" (large oblong shield) and "" (-like) 5. The parapharyngeal space has complex fascial margins occupying the space between the muscles of mastication and the muscles of deglutition 1-6: The parapharyngeal space appears triangular in the axial plane with density/signal consistent with fat. The parathyroid glands lie posteromedially and are sometimes intracapsular. Structure. The retropharyngeal space is posterior to the pharynx and esophagus, and extends from the base of the skull to the thoracocervical junction as the alar fascia attaches to the buccopharyngeal fascia (at a variable level between the C6 and T6 vertebral bodies) 2. The common carotid artery bifurcates to form the internal carotid and the external carotid artery (ECA).Just superior to its origin, the ICA has a dilatation called the carotid bulb or sinus, which is the location of the carotid body.. Levator labii superioris muscle (Musculus levator labii superioris) Levator labii superioris is a short, paired triangular muscle of the face.It belongs to the buccolabial group of muscles of facial expression.This is a broad group of muscles, that besides levator labii superioris also contains levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, Gross anatomy Origin. ADVERTISEMENT: Supporters see fewer/no ads. Structures that are medial/deep to the hyoglossus are the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve 9), the stylohyoid ligament and the lingual artery and lingual vein.. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Origin. It is a skeletal muscle. Other terms for the parapharyngeal space include the lateral pharyngeal space,pharyngomaxillary space, and even less commonly pterygomaxillary space,pterygopharyngeal space,peripharyngeal space,and pharyngomasticatory space 1. The depressor septi nasi muscle arises from the incisive foramen of the maxilla. 8. 10. The human head consists of a fleshy outer portion, which surrounds the bony skull.The brain is enclosed within the skull. 1. Zygomaticus major muscle (Musculus zygomaticus major) Zygomaticus major is a thin paired facial muscle that extends diagonally from the zygomatic bone (hence the name) to the angle of the mouth. ), Head and Neck Imaging. 2012;4:12535. It originates from the zygomatic bone, lateral to the rest of the levator labii superioris muscle, and inserts into the outer part of the upper lip.It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward and is used in smiling. Toward an Endovascular Internal Carotid Artery Classification System. Junji Machi, Edgar D. Staren. superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle, superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, ostiomeatal narrowing due to variant anatomy, lateral margins: deep layer of the deep cervical fascia, inferior margin: the point at which the alar fascia fuses with the middle layer of the deep cervical fascia, typically around the T4 vertebral body, obliteration of the retropharyngeal fat predicts involvement of the prevertebral fascia, which indicates locally advanced disease. The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.It is one of the extraocular muscles.It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (III). The term "muscle" is omitted from muscle names (except when a muscle is an origin or insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted from bone names. ECA is crossed by these structures), posteriorly (i.e. 2014;35(2):230-6. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 06 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-4524, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":4524,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/internal-carotid-artery-1/questions/2125?lang=us"}. The parotid gland is wrapped around the mandibular ramus and extends to a position anterior and inferior to the ear. The depressor septi nasi muscle arises from the incisive foramen of the maxilla. posteromedial to the masticator space, particularly medial pterygoid muscle; anteromedial to the parotid space The head and neck is covered in skin and its appendages, termed the integumentary system.These include hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and sensory nerves.The skin is made up of three microscopic layers: epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis.The epidermis is composed of stratified squamous epithelium and is divided into the following five sublayers or strata, listed in The term "muscle" is omitted from muscle names (except when a muscle is an origin or insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted from bone names. Structures that are medial/deep to the hyoglossus are the glossopharyngeal nerve (cranial nerve 9), the stylohyoid ligament and the lingual artery and lingual vein.. It is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position.. Clinical significance Strabismus. The retropharyngeal space appears as a small, roughly rectangular space on axial imaging, wider in the mediolateral dimension and thinner in the anteroposterior dimension. Gross anatomy. courses laterally within the intraconal space (with the ophthalmic artery) to travel between the Zygomaticus major muscle (Musculus zygomaticus major) Zygomaticus major is a thin paired facial muscle that extends diagonally from the zygomatic bone (hence the name) to the angle of the mouth. The muscle is attached to the upper frontal process of the maxilla and inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper lip.. Overview. Separation of the masticator space from the parapharyngeal space. The inferior rectus muscle depresses, adducts, and helps extort the eye. It is supplied via the pharyngeal plexus . 11-. The risorius muscle is a muscle of facial expression.It arises from the fascia over the parotid gland, and inserts into the angle of the mouth.It is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII). The external carotid artery (ECA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid arterythat has many branches that supplies the structures of the neck, face and head. 6. Mentalis muscle (Musculus mentalis) Mentalis is a paired conical facial muscle located in the chin. During swallowing, it contracts, elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx . Structure. (2005) ISBN: 9780781742917 -, 5. Diagnostic Cerebral Angiography. 2018;:105-15. Folia Morphol (Warsz). The even-numbered segments (C2, C4, C6) often have branches, although they are inconstant and usually small, therefore often not visualized even on high-resolution digital subtraction angiography. Origin and insertion. The average weight is 25 g; this is slightly higher in females and may increase during menstruation and pregnancy 7. 163 (1): 195-204. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip.. Function. Zygomaticus major muscle (Musculus zygomaticus major) Zygomaticus major is a thin paired facial muscle that extends diagonally from the zygomatic bone (hence the name) to the angle of the mouth. The fibers arising from the body of the hyoid bone overlap those from the greater cornu.. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Gaillard F, Yap J, MacManus D, et al. The superior ophthalmic vein is a prominent vein of the orbit that is seen on CT and may be enlarged or tortuous in various disease entities.. - it's origin and insertion can make it way easier to remember it later and remember the function of that muscle. The risorius muscle is a muscle of facial expression.It arises from the fascia over the parotid gland, and inserts into the angle of the mouth.It is supplied by the facial nerve (CN VII). The superior tarsal muscle originates on the underside of levator palpebrae superioris and inserts on the superior tarsal plate of the eyelid.. Nerve supply. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle.. During the 5th embryonic week, a diverticulum forms at the foramen which inferiorly migrates anterior to the body of the hyoid bone, curving posterior and superiorly to reach behind the bone before once more turning inferiorly and continuing anterior to the larynx, forming the thyroglossal duct1,3,7. courses laterally within the intraconal space (with the ophthalmic artery) to travel between the Lesions involving the (prestyloid) parapharyngeal space include 7: Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. Structure. Structure. 2. (2011), 2. It broadens and decreases in thickness (becomes thinner) and becomes the levator aponeurosis. Humerus by Anatomy Next. 5. This is the classification more commonly found in general anatomy books: There are seven segments in a proposed endovascular/angiography-driven classification from the NYU Langone Medical Center 2. Humerus by Anatomy Next. In most cases, the carotid bifurcation occurs between the levels of the C3 and C5 vertebrae, or between the levels of the Variant anatomy. It encloses a short segment of the recurrent laryngeal nerve as it ascends in the tracheo-esophageal groove. Skin. The superior tarsal muscle originates on the underside of levator palpebrae superioris and inserts on the superior tarsal plate of the eyelid.. Nerve supply. Standring S (editor). It retracts the angle of the mouth during smiling. The internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the two terminal branches of the common carotid artery(CCA)which supplies the intracranial structures. The facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland, as does the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein.The external carotid artery forms its two The superior ophthalmic vein is a prominent vein of the orbit that is seen on CT and may be enlarged or tortuous in various disease entities.. The exception is the ophthalmic artery, which is seen in nearly all cases 3. 177 (6): 1465-70. Imre A, Pinar E, Erdoan N, Ece AA, Olgun Y, Aladag I, Ozturkcan S. Prevertebral space invasion in head and neck cancer: negative predictive value of imaging techniques. The parapharyngeal space, also known as the prestyloid parapharyngeal space,is a deep compartment of the head and neckaround which most other suprahyoid fascial spaces are arranged. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle: Snarl Levator anguli oris: Soft smile Nasalis: Flare nostrils Orbicularis oris muscle: Purse Lips Depressor septi nasi: Depresses nasal septum Procerus: Moves skin of forehead Testing the nerve Puff up cheeks (buccinator) i. By TeachMeSeries Ltd (2022) Available at. Mousa A & AbuRahma A. Retropharyngeal Internal Carotid Artery: Arare Presentation with Significant Clinical Implications. 4. Between the visceral (buccopharyngeal) and prevertebral fascia, there are two spaces subdivided by a thin membrane known as the alar fascia. Hoang JK, Branstetter BF, Eastwood JD et-al. (2014) Head & neck. Locketz GD, Horowitz G, Abu-Ghanem S, Wasserzug O, Abergel A, Yehuda M, Fliss DM. It is the only muscle that is capable of depressing the pupil when it is in a fully abducted position.. Clinical significance Strabismus. It may also partially originate from the orbicularis oris muscle. 6. Gross anatomy Origin. Guidera AK, Dawes PJ, Fong A, Stringer MD. The head rests on the neck, and the seven cervical vertebrae support it. Please Note: You can also scroll through stacks with your mouse wheel or the keyboard arrow keys. "Fascia and Spaces of the Neck" in Som PM, Curtin HD (Eds. A simplified approach to the spaces of the suprahyoid neck. (2015) The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology. The retropharyngeal space is a midline deep compartment of the head and neck that consists largely of fatty areolar tissue and lymph nodes that drain the pharynx, nose, and middle ear. ), Cummings OtolaryngologyHead & Neck Surgery. It is a skeletal muscle. Structure. Each lobe measures approximately 4 cm in length. Formed in the anterior part of the orbit by the union of the angular, supraorbital and supratrochlear veins. Figure 5: development from the aortic arches (Gray's illustration), Figure 6: carotid artery development (Gray's illustration), Figure 7: blood supply of the orbit (Gray's illustration), persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomoses, free-floating thrombus of the internal carotid artery, superior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue, levator labii superioris alaeque nasalis muscle, superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia, ostiomeatal narrowing due to variant anatomy, posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA), anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA), persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar artery anastomoses, persistent proatlantal intersegmental artery, internal carotid artery venous plexus of Rektorzik, C3: cavernous segment (terminates at distal dural ring), C4: supraclinoid segment (entire intradural portion, with 3 subsegments), terminus segment, which is often referred to as "carotid terminus", Calming voices make intra-operative surgery pleasurable and almost memorable, Carotid Vessels Mnemonic Instantly Offers Super Powers And Aids Memory. Levator labii superioris muscle (Musculus levator labii superioris) Levator labii superioris is a short, paired triangular muscle of the face.It belongs to the buccolabial group of muscles of facial expression.This is a broad group of muscles, that besides levator labii superioris also contains levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, The inferior rectus muscle depresses, adducts, and helps extort the eye. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip.. Function. The ICA gives off this artery posteriorly as well as the anterior choroidal arterybefore abruptly dividing into the middleand anterior cerebral branches.1. posteromedial to the masticator space, particularly medial pterygoid muscle; anteromedial to the parotid space AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 124 (5): 378-83. (1998) ISBN: 9783131143617 -, elevators, retractors and evertors of the upper lip, depressors, retractors and evertors of the lower lip, embryological development of the head and neck. Variant anatomy. The nasalis muscle covers the nasal cartilages of the lower surface of the nose. (1999) ISBN: 9780397584048 -, 4. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle.. variations in origin arise from the anomalous bifurcation of the common carotid artery - bifurcations may commonly be seen at the level of the cricoid cartilage (C5 level) or at the hyoid bone (C2 level); variant branching patterns. Structure. Structure. Susan Standring. In the first definition, familiar to most head and neck surgeons, the parapharyngeal space is divided into prestyloid and poststyloid (retrostyloid) compartments 1-3,10. The inferior extent of the retropharyngeal space can be confusing. Buccinator muscle (Musculus buccinator) The buccinator muscle is a thin quadrilateral facial muscle that is the main component of the cheek.It belongs to the buccolabial group of facial muscles along with levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor labii inferioris, The frontal process of the maxilla.; Insertion. The upper group contains the risorius, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator labii superioris, levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and levator anguli oris. It lies between the mucous membrane and muscular structure of the lip.. Function. ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. AJR Am J Roentgenol. It originates from the zygomatic bone, lateral to the rest of the levator labii superioris muscle, and inserts into the outer part of the upper lip.It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward and is used in smiling. It is innervated by the facial nerve (VII). (2007) ISBN:3131421215. The zygomaticus minor muscle is a muscle of facial expression. The facial nerve and its branches pass through the parotid gland, as does the external carotid artery and retromandibular vein.The external carotid artery forms its two ECA lies on these structures), variations in origin arise from the anomalous bifurcation of the, common occipito-auricular trunk (incidence ~12.5%):common origin occipital and posterior auricular arteries. The suprahyoid part of the neck. The Pocket Oxford Classical Greek Dictionary. The levator palpebrae superioris originates from inferior surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, just above the optic foramen. Thyroid gland. As it ascends on the pharyngeal wall and the buccopharyngeal fascia, it is consecutively crossed laterally by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X),glossopharyngealnerve (CN IX), and the stylopharyngeusand styloglossus muscles. 177 (6): 1465-70. Skin. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 06 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-10464, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":10464,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/parapharyngeal-space/questions/1538?lang=us"}. In turn, only the superior portion posterior to the pharynx is termed the retropharyngeal space, while the inferior continuation is the retroesophageal space. (2010) ISBN: 9781416031215 -, 3. variations in origin arise from the anomalous bifurcation of the common carotid artery - bifurcations may commonly be seen at the level of the cricoid cartilage (C5 level) or at the hyoid bone (C2 level); variant branching patterns. The tensor tympani is a muscle that is present in the middle ear.It arises from the cartilaginous part of the auditory tube, and the adjacent great wing of the sphenoid.It then passes through its own canal, and ends in the tympanic cavity as a slim tendon that connects to the handle of the malleus.The tendon makes a sharp bend around the processus cochleariformis, part of the wall Because skeletal muscles move the insertion closer to the immobile origin, fixator muscles assist in movement by holding the origin stable. It broadens and decreases in thickness (becomes thinner) and becomes the levator aponeurosis. A lesion arising in the: In contrast, a lesion primarily involving the parapharyngeal space will displace the carotid spaceposteriorly and the pharynx medially. 3. These lymph nodes are prominent in children, and atrophy with age 2. The thyroid gland develops from the proximal primitive foregut between the first and second pharyngeal pouchesat the foramen cecum,in the midline of the base of the tongue. Skin of the alar cartilage of nose and skin of the upper lip.; Action. (2012) ISBN:3131505311. 7. Harnsberger HR, Osborn AG. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Jones J, Deng F, Deng F, et al. The cervical segment of the ICA courses posterior, lateral, or posterolateral to the ECA after its origin 9 and ascends in the neck within the carotid sheath. The thyroid gland was originally known as the "laryngeal gland", and was renamed the "thyroid gland" by Thomas Wharton in 1646. It consists largely of fat, neurovascular structures, and, in some definitions, the retromandibular part of the deep lobe of the parotid gland. The terms "artery" and "nerve" are both used when these structures are mentioned. (2000) ISBN:0632054034. The nasalis muscle covers the nasal cartilages of the lower surface of the nose. Depressor labii inferioris originates from the oblique line of mandible, between the symphysis menti and mental foramen.From here, the muscle courses superomedially, inserting to the skin and submucosa of lower lip. Diagnostic Imaging: Head and Neck E-Book. Wiley-Blackwell. Primer of Diagnostic Imaging. The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen.It elevates angle of mouth medially. The superior oblique muscle, or obliquus oculi superior, is a fusiform muscle originating in the upper, medial side of the orbit (i.e. 12. Although not the preferred classification scheme, it is important to become familiar, as the usage of these terms have become common: The term "carotid siphon" is sometimes used to refer to the cavernous plus clinoid or paraclinoid internal carotid artery segments 10. The internal carotid artery (C1 segment) enters the skull base through the carotid canal, where it begins a series of 90 turns which lead it to eventually terminate as the middleand anterior cerebral arteries. Its fibers ascend to be inserted into the nasal septum and back part of the alar part of nasalis muscle.. The levator anguli oris (caninus) is a facial muscle of the mouth arising from the canine fossa, immediately below the infraorbital foramen.It elevates angle of mouth medially. The common carotid artery bifurcates to form the internal carotid and the external carotid artery (ECA). 3. Parapharyngeal space. The human head consists of a fleshy outer portion, which surrounds the bony skull.The brain is enclosed within the skull. Mentalis muscle (Musculus mentalis) Mentalis is a paired conical facial muscle located in the chin. The lateral pterygoid muscle (or external pterygoid muscle) is a muscle of mastication.It has two heads. The superior ophthalmic vein is a prominent vein of the orbit that is seen on CT and may be enlarged or tortuous in various disease entities.. Variant anatomy. The superior rectus muscle is a muscle in the orbit.It is one of the extraocular muscles.It is innervated by the superior division of the oculomotor nerve (III). Ultrasound for Surgeons. 11. Usually, the superior pole is narrower than the inferior pole giving a pear-like shape to each lateral lobe. The muscle is attached to the upper frontal process of the maxilla and inserts into the skin of the lateral part of the nostril and upper lip.. Overview. 2011;70(1):47-55. Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Nasalis Alar nasalis Transverse nasalis for example, how a particular muscle is attached t.i. Suppose you can visualize the material as you are learning it in real-time. (2006) ISBN: 9780521856843 -. Neurovascular Surgery. It belongs to the buccolabial group of facial muscles along with levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, It originates from the zygomatic bone, lateral to the rest of the levator labii superioris muscle, and inserts into the outer part of the upper lip.It draws the upper lip backward, upward, and outward and is used in smiling. Gross anatomy Origin. With anatomic studies highlighting the borders defined by the alar fascia, some authors treat the true retropharyngeal space as part of the visceral space 6. AJR Am J Roentgenol. The mandibular end of depressor labii inferioris is continuous with platysma, while the labial attachment fuses with its counterpart The levator palpebrae superioris originates from inferior surface of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, just above the optic foramen. The anterior space is the "true" retropharyngeal space, described in this article, while the posterior one is the danger space4. There are 22 bones in the human head. Knowledge about the displacement patterns of fat within the parapharyngeal space will aid in the localization of lesions within adjacent deep spaces of the head and neck. Riffat F, Dwivedi RC, Palme C, Fish B, Jani P. A systematic review of 1143 parapharyngeal space tumors reported over 20 years. It is the only extraocular muscle innervated by Origin and insertion. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 06 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-10468, {"containerId":"expandableQuestionsContainer","displayRelatedArticles":true,"displayNextQuestion":true,"displaySkipQuestion":true,"articleId":10468,"questionManager":null,"mcqUrl":"https://radiopaedia.org/articles/retropharyngeal-space/questions/1645?lang=us"}. Al-Rafiah A, EL-Haggagy A, Aal I, Zaki A. Anatomical Study of the Carotid Bifurcation and Origin Variations of the Ascending Pharyngeal and Superior Thyroid Arteries. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Jones J, Bogyari K, Baba Y, et al. "Overview of Diagnostic Imaging of the Head and Neck" in Flint PW, et al. Guidera AK, Dawes PJ, Fong A, Stringer MD. Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology. Mentalis muscle (Musculus mentalis) Mentalis is a paired conical facial muscle located in the chin. linguofacial trunk (incidence ~20%): common origin lingual and facial arteries; thyrolingual trunk (incidence ~2.5%): common ADVERTISEMENT: Radiopaedia is free thanks to our supporters and advertisers. Reference article, Radiopaedia.org (Accessed on 06 Dec 2022) https://doi.org/10.53347/rID-2178. The medial pterygoid muscle consists of two heads. As it enters the parotid gland, it gives rise to its terminal branches, the superficial temporal and maxillary arteries. Synergists are muscles that help to stabilize a movement and reduce extraneous movements. The thyroid gland is a single midline endocrine organ in the anterior neck responsible for thyroid hormone production which lies in the visceral space completely enveloped by pretracheal fascia (middle layer of the deep cervical fascia). Anatomy for Diagnostic Imaging. {"url":"/signup-modal-props.json?lang=us\u0026email="}, Jones J, Deng F, Drew Z, et al. Multiplanar CT and MRI of collections in the retropharyngeal space: is it an abscess?. Skin. 2013;17(2):219-27. 2013;27(8):1189.e1-4. The term pterygomandibular space has rarely been used for this location, but this term is best reserved for the subcompartment of the masticator space instead. These muscles have a common embryonic origin the 2nd pharyngeal arch. The inferior rectus muscle depresses, adducts, and helps extort the eye. Buccinator muscle (Musculus buccinator) The buccinator muscle is a thin quadrilateral facial muscle that is the main component of the cheek.It belongs to the buccolabial group of facial muscles along with levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, levator labii superioris, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, levator anguli oris, risorius, depressor labii inferioris, from beside the nose) which abducts, depresses and internally rotates the eye. Levator labii superioris muscle (Musculus levator labii superioris) Levator labii superioris is a short, paired triangular muscle of the face.It belongs to the buccolabial group of muscles of facial expression.This is a broad group of muscles, that besides levator labii superioris also contains levator labii superioris alaeque nasi, zygomaticus major, zygomaticus minor, Elevating the soft palate to help prevent food from entering the nasopharynx not have a significant inflammatory.... 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