The Confederate soldiers in Perryville, however, realized that a much larger force was approaching, and assumed a defensive posture. These are lessons the South can benefit from today, but many choose to ignore them. We would like to show you a description here but the site won't allow us. The State Guard, under the command of Simon B. Buckner, largely favored the Confederate cause, while the newly formed Home Guard were mostly Unionists. [64] Delighted by this supreme compliment, Buckner obliged, and after surveying the Confederate line, Wilder surrendered. [3] Approximately 24,000 Black Kentuckians, free and enslaved, served as Union soldiers. [87] Frustrated Union commanders could only react to these unpredictable raids. Confederate General Thomas Jonathan Jackson earned his famous nickname, "Stonewall," from his steadfast defensive efforts in the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas). What Were Confederate Soldiers Fighting For? The brigade's nickname came about allegedly because the soldiers' home counties were occupied by Union troops for most of the war and they couldn't go home to them. [61] On the night of September 13, Scott encountered John T. Wilder at Munfordville, and demanded his surrender. I see honor on both sides. According to the Oxford Companion to American Military History, the best estimate of total Confederate soldiers range from 850,000 to 900,000. The idea of "black Confederates" appeals to present-day neo-Confederates, who are eager to find ways to defend the principles of the Confederate States of America. Upon receiving this message, Wilder replied "Thank you for your compliments. Associated Press. Opponents of the bill warned that it would lead to the end of slavery, yet it passed anyway. [95], Morgan again encountered resistance at Lebanon where, despite the Confederate victory, his nineteen-year-old brother Tom was killed. A crucial motivator for many Southern soldiers was the defense of home and family against the invading Northern armies, often characterized as "Vandals" or "Hessians." [47], General Johnston countered by ordering Pillow, Buckner, and John B. Floyd to the defense of Fort Donelson. [42] Bragg had sorely underestimated Buell's ability to make a rapid advance on his position. Riding along the front of the Union line, the portly Nelson exclaimed, "Boys, if they can't hit me, they can't hit a barn door! [60], Meanwhile, Smith had dispatched Colonel John Scott to look for Bragg. At that time there was more loyalty in Nashville than in Louisville, and about as much in Charleston as in either. [21] The sextet agreed only to continue the doctrine of neutrality, however, and called for the formation of a five-member board to coordinate the Commonwealth's defense. [13] The majority of the General Assembly had Unionist sympathies, however, and declined the governor's request,[13] fearing that the state's voters would favor secession. Fort Bragg will shed its Confederate namesake to become Fort Liberty in a Friday, June 2, 2023, ceremony that some veterans view as a small but important step in making the U.S. Army more . . [77], It was not until late afternoon that Buell learned of McCook's plight, whereupon he sent two brigades from Gilbert's corps to reinforce him. continuous struggle ordinary people made to fight for civil rights . ", Cantrell, "George W. Johnson and Richard Hawes: The Governors of Confederate Kentucky", The war of the rebellion: a compilation of the official records of the Union and Confederate armies. [56] Bragg was told that there were ample supplies in the Glasgow area, but upon learning that Bragg had entered Kentucky, Buell left George Thomas to guard Nashville and moved the rest of his army to heavily fortified Bowling Green. They didn't want to be there. [24], As the battle at Cumberland Gap wore on, Morgan refused to retreat or surrender his position. [47] Union troops began their assault on the fort on February 5, 1862, and Tilghman surrendered the following day. The strength of the Confederate Army was half of the . To pacify Kentucky, Burbridge rigorously suppressed disloyalty and used economic pressure as coercion. FORT LIBERTY, N.C. Fort Bragg shed its Confederate namesake Friday to become Fort Liberty in a ceremony some veterans said was a small but important step in making the U.S. Army more . Confederate soldiers were primarily volunteers who enlisted for a variety of reasons. . Princeton University history Professor James McPherson has written about the motivations of Civil War soldiers in his most recent book, "For Cause and Comrades," and he's with us to talk about why soldiers throughout American history have taken up arms. [43] The battle commenced on January 19, 1862, and favored Crittenden's forces early on. [40] Kentucky was represented by the central star on the Confederate battle flag. Governor Magoffin denounced both sides for violating the Commonwealth's neutrality, calling for both sides to withdraw. Dr Dew allows the secessionists to speak in their own voice. [84] With Frank Wolford's men moving on his position, Morgan made the difficult decision to move out just after midnight in ever-worsening weather. [65], Wilder's force of some 4,000 men was paroled and directed to Bowling Green, where Bragg hoped they would be a drain on Buell's supplies. Of course, most of the men who fought in Vietnam were draftees. . Cesar Kaskel, a prominent local Jewish businessman, dispatched a telegram to President Lincoln, and met with him, eventually succeeding in getting the order revoked. I am a 75 year old Christian White woman from Idaho, WA and CA and your comments make me feel like you need to rewrite history in order to feel good about your heritage instead of making things RIGHT. African Heritage and Southern Hearts : "Free Persons Of Color" and Faithful Servants With The What was African Americans Union soldiers fighting for when they protested? In 1860, when Abraham Lincoln won the election, the southern states began seceding from the Union. [84] Worse yet, scouts reported a massive Union force concentrated nine miles away at Lebanon. In a special congressional election held June 20, 1861, Unionist candidates won nine of Kentucky's ten congressional seats. As of November 1864, Confederate soldiers were fighting for a government whose president and other leaders were openly advocating emancipating slaves who would serve in the Confederate army and emancipating their families as well. Prof. McPHERSON: I know that from the letters of the soldiers that I read, thousands of letters from hundreds of soldiers over the entire four years of the war. Former Vice-Presidents John C. Breckinridge and Richard M. Johnson both hailed from the state, as did Henry Clay, John J. Crittenden, John M. Harlan, U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, and Confederate President Jefferson Davis. Share Why Confederate and Union Soldiers Fought? They didn't understand, in many cases, why they were there. This election resulted in veto-proof Unionist majorities of 7624 in the House and 2711 in the Senate.[26]. The dry summer of 1862 had left water in short supply, and when the Union troops learned of water in Perryville's Doctor's Creek, they began to move on the Confederate position. To submit your vote please sign in or sign up, it is free and takes a few seconds. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. [21] Nearly 60 infantry regiments served in the Union armies versus just 9 in the Confederate. This image is hot linked and may use cookies.Read moreAllow external resources. And of course the bill amounted to nothing. On January 11, 1865, he wrote advising the enlistment of slaves as soldiers and the granting of immediate freedom to all who enlist, and freedom at the end of the war to the families of those who discharge their duties faithfully. [22], The Commonwealth's military forces, however, proved to be just as divided as the general populace. . Abstract of the Returns of the XXIII Corps, Department of the Ohio, responsible for the Military District of Kentucky (1st and 2nd Divisions), and the District of Western Kentucky, Morgan's Raid in Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio, Forrest's Expedition into West Tennessee and Kentucky, Order of battle for Union forces in Kentucky, John David Smith, "Whither Kentucky Civil War and Reconstruction Scholarship?. The Battle of Gettysburg (locally / t s b r / ()) was fought July 1-3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War.In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of the Potomac defeated attacks by Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia, halting Lee's invasion of the . [55] Both generals understood that Smith would capture Cumberland Gap, then join Bragg in Middle Tennessee. Confederates remembered him as the "Butcher of Kentucky". [57] By the afternoon, General Nelson arrived and tried to rally the troops. [97] Morgan had the advantage of surprise, however, having selected Brandenburg as his target instead. I think it'll take a few years' perspective for historians, who might then have access to some of the letters or e-mails. In fact, Buell, Charles Champion Gilbert, Alexander McCook, and Thomas Crittenden were all approaching Perryville. As of November 1864, Confederate soldiers were fighting for a government whose president and other leaders were openly advocating emancipating slaves who would serve in the Confederate army and emancipating their families as well. On September 4, 1861, Confederate Major General Leonidas Polk violated the Commonwealth's neutrality by ordering Brigadier General Gideon Johnson Pillow to occupy Columbus. ", Cotterill, R. S. "The Louisville and Nashville Railroad 18611865,". I have a great-great step-grandfather who was a doctor in the 1st LA Cavalry during the War of Northern Aggression. Your email address will not be published. The confederacy was desperate for soldiers. Kentucky gone, we cannot hold Missouri, nor Maryland. Ky.1st Division, XXIII Corps, U.S. Historians James G. Randall and David Donald, two of the deans of Civil War scholarship, after noting the Confederacys move toward officially using slaves as soldiers and the support of key Confederate leaders for granting freedom to slaves and their families for faithful military service, acknowledged that the Confederacy may very well have abolished slavery even if the South had achieved independence: On November 7, 1864, President Davis went so far as to approve the employment of slave-soldiers as preferable to subjugation, and on February 11, 1865, the Confederate House of Representatives voted that if the President should not be able to raise sufficient troops otherwise, he was authorized to call for additional levies from such classes . These all against us, and the job on our hands is too large for us. Soldiers who served in the Confederate States Army fought on behalf of the Confederate States of America. . Because all along the Southern States there were so many problems and they were Governed by Democrats. I think so. And great Southern Generals knew how to lead them, and certainly the Rebels knew how to fight. [84], Colonel John M. Harlan's artillery shelled Morgan's force as it crossed the Rolling Fork River on December 29, seriously wounding First Brigade commander Basil W. Required fields are marked *. [97] From Lebanon, Morgan's men made haste through Springfield toward Bardstown, where they learned that Union soldiers were less than a day behind, and that Louisville was already bracing for another attack. [48] Floyd failed to capitalize on his advantage, however, and Grant was reinforced the next day. Cent. [44] However, in the confusion caused by the rain and fog, Felix Zollicoffer, commander of Crittenden's First Brigade, rode into the midst of the Union forces. Legislators also passed a proposed Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution that would have guaranteed slavery in states where it was already legal.[15]. [40] Continuing to travel with the Army of Tennessee, the government re-entered Kentucky during Braxton Bragg's campaign in the Commonwealth, but was driven out permanently following the Battle of Perryville. The District of Columbus became the District of Western Kentucky, and the troops from the XVI Corps were replaced with troops from the XXIII Corps. [39] Being unable to flesh out a complete constitution and system of laws, the delegates voted that "the Constitution and laws of Kentucky, not inconsistent with the acts of this Convention, and the establishment of this Government, and the laws which may be enacted by the Governor and Council, shall be the laws of this state. of Kentucky, 4th Brigade1st DivisionDist of Kentucky, The forces in Kentucky at times also included the, Granger's command also included garrisons at. By mid-summer 1862, President Abraham Lincoln had the Emancipation Proclamation a document. Although, Kentucky slaves were not freed, many abandoned their slave master and fled. Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. James McPherson broke down the geographical distribution of Confederate soldiers even further in his book For Cause and Comrades: State / Estimated % of all Confederate Soldiers: Virginia 14%North Carolina 15%Tennessee 12%South Carolina 6%Georgia 11%Florida 2%Alabama 9%Mississippi 7%Louisiana 6%Arkansas 3%Texas 6%Maryland 2%Kentucky 5%Missouri 3%. READ MORE: 6. [27] After clashing with the Assembly for over a year on even the most trivial issues, Magoffin decided that resignation was his only option. "[42], The promises made by Bragg and Hawes were short-lived. [15], When the General Assembly convened again on March 20, it called for a convention of the border states in the Kentucky capital of Frankfort on May 27, 1861. Casualties of the Confederate Army members were about ninety-four thousand. No one knows precisely. Black Confederates: Truth and Legend. [4][105] Approximately, 24,000 Black Kentuckians, free and enslaved, served as Union soldiers. (Show more) Key People: James Buchanan Ulysses S. Grant Robert E. Lee Abraham Lincoln Richard S. Ewell [24], Upon learning of Smith's advance into Kentucky, General "Bull" Nelson prepared to engage the invading army at the Kentucky River to take advantage of the better terrain, but delayed the engagement so that more reinforcements could arrive. [22] Several close calls almost started a conflict within the state, but Buckner successfully negotiated with Union general George B. McClellan and Tennessee governor Isham Harris to maintain the Commonwealth's neutrality through the summer. Its neutrality broken, both sides quickly moved to establish advantageous positions in the Commonwealth. They say the Civil War was about states' rights, and they wish to minimize the role of slavery in a vanished and romantic antebellum South. As night approached and halted the battle, Bragg conferred with his officers and decided to retreat to Harrodsburg to meet Smith. Everybody knew that this bill would free slaves who served as soldiers and would eventually lead to general emancipation, the end of slavery. Confederate States of America, also called Confederacy, in the American Civil War, the government of 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61, carrying on all the affairs of a separate government and conducting a major war until defeated in the spring of 1865. [46] Following Grant's victory at the Battle of Belmont, General Polk had anticipated that Union forces would target the Mississippi River and attack Columbus, and had withdrawn most of his forces to that location. types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore. John Coski Myth: Thousands of enslaved and free African American soldiers fought for the Confederacy For several decades, the question of whether or not there were "Black Confederates" has been one of the most controversial issues in the study of Civil War history. And that was the meaning of the word `Cause' in my book "For Cause and Comrades." [15] Magoffin, a Southern sympathizer, replied "President Lincoln, Washington, D.C. [106], It is important to take note that due to the Emancipation Proclamation, the severity of Martial Law under Burbridge and the enlistment of Kentucky slaves into Union regiments (Kentucky had the 2nd largest African American Union enlistment only behind Louisiana) Union support among native Kentuckians greatly diminished by war's end. Prof. McPHERSON: Pretty much, yes. Confederate Army History. [82], From Bacon Creek, Morgan rode to Elizabethtown, arriving on December 27. The proposed changes are to be . Opponents of the bill also argued that enlisting slaves as soldiers was unnecessary. of Kentucky, 3rd Brigade1st DivisionDist. Thanks a lot for joining us. [34] The General Assembly ordered the flag of the United States to be raised over the state capitol in Frankfort, declaring its allegiance with the Union. The types of uniforms Confederate soldiers wore consisted of a double-breasted gray frock coat, a pair of light french blue trousers, white cotton shirts, a forage cap and leather brogan shoes. document.getElementById("ak_js_1").setAttribute("value",(new Date()).getTime()); Your email address will not be published. [73] Bragg began a retreat from Frankfort to Harrodsburg to regroup with Polk. [14] Confederate sympathizers won only the Jackson Purchase region,[23] which was economically linked to Tennessee by the Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers. [48] Grant arrived at Donelson on February 13, and found himself outnumbered by some 3,000 troops. But . [69] The elected government fled to Louisville just before the Confederates arrived in Frankfort. And I think the same thing would be true of the Confederate soldiers because once the Confederacy was a going concern, the Southern soldiers who enlisted to fight in its defense were fighting for their country and for their flag, as well. Robert E. Lee and other Confederate leaders had also advocated emancipating the families of slaves who served in the army. [13], Magoffin called a special session of the Kentucky General Assembly on December 27, 1860, and asked legislators for a convention of Kentuckians to decide the Commonwealth's course regarding secession. [75] Meanwhile, small Confederate brigades encountered Gilbert's force of 20,000 men to the west and Crittenden's force, also 20,000 strong, to the south. May God forgive you as this is not what the New Testament is all about. After a falling out with Governor Thomas E. Bramlette, Burbridge was dismissed in February 1865. Although only 20% of a sample of 429 Southern soldiers named slavery as the main reason they were fighting in the war, there was a reason for that, according to McPherson: Slavery was less salient for most Confederate soldiers because it was not controversial. [59] With only 98 killed, 492 wounded, and 10 missing, Smith had won one of the most complete Confederate victories of the entire war. The American Civil War was fought between the United States of America and the Confederate States of America, a collection of eleven southern states that left the Union in 1860 and 1861. [96] As was his custom, Morgan demanded an unconditional surrender, but Moore, noting that this was Independence Day, replied "It is a bad day for surrender, and I would rather not. Some wholeheartedly believed in the stated war aims. [92] On June 10, he addressed his unit, telling them that Bragg had sanctioned a raid to Louisville, and if conditions permitted, across the Ohio River into Indiana and possibly Ohio. [22], The tide of public opinion was beginning to turn in Kentucky, however. Lees opinion agreed with that of the President and Congress. [61] Bragg was incensed, but arrived the next day to take charge of the battle. The following are some facts about Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War: How Many Confederate Soldiers Served in the Confederate Army? He should have been court-martialed for leaving his wounded to die on the battlefield at Cold Harbor just because he was too proud to admit he had lost the battle and call for a truce, as the losing commander, to tend to the wounded. [84], Freezing rain plagued Morgan's men as they encamped at Springfield on the night of December 30. An. They also rushed to enlist to defend the flag, which had been fired on by the Confederate forces at Ft. Sumter. . And that really caused an intense re-examination of soldier motivation. He read over 25,000 letters and hundreds of diaries to conclude that Civil War soldiers did indeed know what they were fighting for. They tended to be young southern farmers, laborers and mechanics. A war that lasted four years and cost the lives of more than 620,000 Americans. They also rushed to enlist to defend the flag, which had been fired on by the Confederate forces at Ft . Key points: Fort Bragg was originally named after a Confederate general who was known for owning slaves. [7] The ancestors of many Kentuckians hailed from Southern states like Virginia, North Carolina, and Tennessee, but many Kentucky children were beginning to migrate toward the North. [104] Furious, Forrest ordered Buford back into Kentucky. The army was made up of Native American soldiers, and was led by. Its always about what was going to happen, always the dangling carrot never the prize. [104], Unionist newspapers bragged after the raid that Union forces had hidden the best horses in the area and that Forrest had only captured horses stolen from private citizens. [24] Seeing imminent defeat at the polls, many Confederate sympathizers boycotted the election; the total number of ballots cast was just over half the number that had been cast in the previous year's election. [100], Following Morgan's capture in the summer of 1863, there were no major engagements fought in Kentucky until spring of 1864. [54] They also stopped in Somerset, where Morgan instructed his telegrapher, George "Lightning" Ellsworth to send taunting messages to General Jeremiah Boyle and publisher George Prentice. [33] However, on September 7, 1861, the General Assembly passed a resolution ordering the withdrawal of only Confederate forces. Fort Bragg will shed its Confederate namesake to become Fort Liberty in a Friday, June 2, 2023, ceremony that some veterans view . This began an extended period of military control that would last through early 1865, beginning with martial law authorized by Lincoln. Image of a Slaves service in the Confederate army, Andrew Martin Chandler of the Forty-fourth Mississippi Infantry and Silas Chandler, circa 1861.Credit Collection of Andrew Chandler Battaile via Opionator.blogs.nytimes. [102] In response, Nathan Bedford Forrest, who had been operating in Mississippi, began to organize a raid on western Tennessee and Kentucky. At that time they were considered Traitors to the Union. I find pretty much everything the CSA tried to do politically disingenuous. Accuracy and availability may vary. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. may determine. Far superior fighting men, man for man, when compared to the Yanks. Duke. Kentuckian John Hunt Morgan further challenged Union control, as he conducted numerous cavalry raids through the state. Harrison, Lowell H. "The Civil War in Kentucky: Some Persistent Questions. [9] However, by the time of the Civil War, Kentucky was in a politically confused state. [25] When Crittenden objected to this violation of Kentucky's neutrality, Nelson replied, "That a camp of loyal Union men, native Kentuckians, should assemble in camp under the flag of the Union and upon their native soil should be a cause of apprehension is something I do not clearly understand. Realizing that neutrality was becoming less and less feasible, six prominent Kentuckians met to find some solution for a state caught in the middle of a conflict. The precise number of Confederate soldiers from each state is unknown because many military records were destroyed when Richmond was evacuated in 1865. Michael my friend, the difference between you and I is you want to believe in the good of these people while I view them as anything but good. There was a problem in Vietnam. Kentucky was the site of several fierce battles, including Mill Springs and Perryville. Secession is what was over slavery. The Civil War was a fiery prism at the center of American society. [90] Bragg, fearing an attack from Rosecrans, welcomed the idea of a distraction that would take the pressure off his Army of Tennessee. Most Confederate soldiers were not slaveholders, and a majority of Confederate officers were not slaveholders either. [22] The General Assembly created the board on May 24 and vested in it supervision of the state's military, a power reserved in the Kentucky Constitution for the governor. This should not be surprising, since two-thirds of Southern families were not involved with slaveholding, and since barely 10 percent of Southern citizens held title to slaves. Some enlisted; others were drafted. Forces, No. FORT LIBERTY, N.C. . [103] Following the raid, Forrest granted furlough to the Kentuckians under his command so they could secure better clothing and mounts. The Confederate president, Jefferson Davis, said the South was fighting to establish their right to secede from the Union and govern themselves without Northern interference. His loss at Gettysburg prevented him from realizing that goal. They were paid in Confederate currency. Fort Bragg shed its Confederate namesake Friday to become Fort Liberty in a ceremony some veterans said was a small but important . Christian Revival in the Confederate Armies 1863-1865. HANSEN: Did motivations change after the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863? I would still like to know who formed the Confederate States of America. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. Fort Bragg shed its Confederate namesake Friday to become Fort Liberty in a ceremony some veterans said was a small but important step in making the U.S. Army more . The Commonwealth ranked ninth in population by 1860, and was a major producer of such agricultural commodities as tobacco, corn, wheat, hemp, and flax. While I think the slavery was certainly a significant catalyst (along with tariffs & internal improvements) for the war, once started the Southern objective was simple: obtain independence in a national liberation struggle. The New Larned History for Ready Reference, Reading, and Research. Northern soldiers enlisted to defend the United States from the attempt to break it up. For the first and only time on the trip, save while we were under the Spanish flag, slaves waited on us at dinner. [24] He dispatched regiments across the Ohio into Louisville, and considered himself governor of both Indiana and Kentucky. There was no mistaking the meaning of this action. Furthermore, at the direction of Jefferson Davis, when the Adjutant General issued the order to implement the emancipation bill, he included in the order a provision that no slave could enlist unless he was doing so voluntarily and unless his master certified, in writing, that the slave would be granted his freedom to the extent that he was able to do so (i.e., in accordance with the laws of his home state):No slave will be accepted as a recruit unless with his own consent and with the approbation of his master by a written instrument conferring, as far as he may, the rights of a freedman, and which will be filed with the superintendent. (General Orders 14:IV). [80] Rosecrans encamped at Nashville during the fall and early winter of 1862. [24] Thinking an invasion of Kentucky was preferable to a long siege on the Gap, Smith left a detachment to handle Morgan and proceeded toward Lexington, abandoning the plan to join Bragg and capture Nashville. So what do you think? I will send not a man nor a dollar for the wicked purpose of subduing my sister Southern states. [73] While preparations were being made for Hawes' inauguration, Buell was already forcing the Confederate army from Shelbyville. ", Wooster, Ralph A. His inability to engage Bragg and Smith on their retreat from Kentucky led to Buell being replaced by General William Rosecrans. The Confederacy does offer some lessons of rebellion that are inspiring. This image is hot linked and may use cookies. you read and agreed to the. [38] From that time forward, the government existed primarily on paper,[38] and dissolved following the war.[42]. The conflict began primarily as a result of the long-standing disagreement over the institution of slavery. Almost immediately following the Confederate withdrawal from Kentucky, Confederate General John Hunt Morgan began the first of his raids into the state. [85] The following day, they proceeded through Columbia, and returned to Tennessee on January 3. We have plenty of other venues in which we talk about history: books, museums, media. [74], By October 7, Polk's forces had fallen back to the town of Perryville. Civil War By The Numbers. "[31] To control traffic along the river, Polk stretched an anchor chain across the river from the bank in Columbus to the opposite bank in Belmont, Missouri. [44] A Confederate officer galloped in, yelling at Zollicoffer to inform him of his mistake. History was manipulated so these statues could remind the black people of their horrific brutal past and to keep them segregated from the white folk, while offending them. I have six regiments of infantry, one battalion of infantry sharpshooters, and have just been reinforced by a brigade of cavalry, under Colonel Scott, with two battalions of infantry." [81] Morgan's raid was part of a plan to disrupt Union supply lines. Union ironclads routed the Confederate river gunboats on the Mississippi River during the Battle of Lucas Bend on January 11, forcing them back to Columbus. ROBERT E. LEE should not be understood as a figure defined primarily by his Virginia identity. So that there's kind of a bonding and unity within the unit that is a powerful factor I think for soldiers in all wars. Louis De Falaise, "General Stephen Gano Burbridge's Command in Kentucky", After the War: A Southern Tour, by Whitelaw Reid, Courier Journal "Thanksgiving 1866: Ky's wounds of war unhealed" Nov. 21, 2016, Timeline of Kentucky in the American Civil War, List of American Civil War monuments in Kentucky, List of Kentucky Confederate Civil War units, List of Kentucky's American Civil War generals, Western Theater of the American Civil War, Louisville, Kentucky, in the American Civil War, Lexington, Kentucky, in the American Civil War, "Cemetery research reveals another 51 black Civil War veterans and great stories", "Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. It was well known that there were several Southern governors who had already publicly endorsed emancipation for slaves who would serve in the Confederate army. Believing that Rosecrans would begin a campaign as soon as sufficient supplies were accumulated, Bragg dispatched John Hunt Morgan back into Kentucky in December 1862 to cut the supply line afforded Rosecrans by the Louisville and Nashville Railroad. [103] Forrest also captured a total of 200 horses and mules before withdrawing to Mayfield. Fugitive slaves came to Louisville and Camp Nelson and were enlisted in the U. S. Colored Infantry. It is estimated that over 100,000 Confederate soldiers deserted during the war, more than 250,000 died of wounds or disease and 200,000 were wounded. When push came to shove, a majority of Confederate leaders, and apparently a sizable majority of Southern citizens, were willing to end slavery to preserve the Souths independence. "'The Weeds and The Flowers Are Closely Mixed': Allegiance, Law, And White Supremacy in Kentucky's Bluegrass Region, 18611865. All rights reserved. Some were motivated by love of country; others had different reasons for serving. Forrest proved to be a scourge to the Union Army in western Kentucky, even making an attack on Paducah. . [38] Bowling Green, now occupied by General Johnston himself, was designated as the state capital, though the delegates provided that the government could meet anywhere deemed appropriate by the provisional legislative council and governor. The confederate solder "Fought because he was provoked, intimidated, and ultimately invaded" -James Webb Born Fighting a History of the Scoth-Irish in America " I was fighting for my home, and he had no business being there" -Virginia confederate Solider Frank Potts Besides obtaining mounts for the mounted-infantry-to-be, Forrest intended to disrupt Union supply lines, obtain general provisions for Confederate forces, and discourage enlistment of blacks in Kentucky into the Union army. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information. James McPherson, in What They Fought For, explains the reason Confederate and Union soldiers prevailed throughout the bloodiest war ever fought in the United States. Prof. McPHERSON: Well, I think it's probably too soon for historians to be looking at that, but certainly the Army itself is concerned about this. [72] He told the crowd that the provisional government would "institute as far as possible such civil institutions, as will protect persons and property, until the people in their sovereign capacity can establish a permanent Government founded on the will of the majority. While the US was fighting the Civil War, what other fighting was occurring Why the Confederate Army Couldn't Win a Battle, Confederate Guerrilla Marcellus Jerome Clarke: Alias "Sue Mundy". The fight came to them. 126 times it says help the less fortunate and I am sure it means even more so when you have compromised their education and freedom as was done for our black bothers and sisters for 250 years before the civil war so others could benefit financiallyhorrible greed at its best. The 22,000 USCT soldiers & white Union soldiers along with thousands of self-liberated Tennesseans that served in support roles had a different view. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! [52] From there, the cavalry stopped in Harrodsburg and Georgetown, and upon seeing that Lexington was too heavily fortified, turned their attention to the town of Cynthiana. [103] He met Colonel Stephen G. Hicks at Fort Anderson and demanded an unconditional surrender. The average soldiers were poor southern whites that didnt have slaves, they were scratching out a living. The Diaries Left Behind by Confederate Soldiers Reveal the True Role of Enslaved Labor at Gettysburg Even as some enslaved men escaped North, the retreat by the Army of Northern Virginia would. [7], Kentucky, along with North Carolina, also boasted the best educational systems in the South. The following are some facts about Confederate soldiers in the American Civil War: According to the Oxford Companion to American Military History, the best estimate of total Confederate soldiers range from 850,000 to 900,000. [32] The chain soon broke under its own weight, but Union forces did not learn of this fact until early 1862.[32]. Transylvania University had long been one of the most respected institutions of higher learning in the nation, and while its reputation had begun to fade by 1860, other Kentucky schools like Centre College and Georgetown College were gaining prominence. [37] So extensive were the fortifications at Bowling Green that a Union officer who later surveyed them commented, "The labor has been immense their troops cannot be well drilled their time must have been chiefly spent in hard work, with the axe and spade. Oxford University Press, 1997.Larned, Josephus Nelson. Lincoln had declared, early in the war, "I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game. . This fact, together with other indications, suggests that, even if the Confederacy had survived the war, there was a strong possibility that slavery would be voluntarily abandoned in the South. (The Civil War and Reconstruction, p. 522). How Much Were Confederate Soldiers Paid? Please email digital@historytoday.com if you have any problems. [29] Meanwhile, Confederate volunteers covertly crossed the Tennessee border and massed at Camp Boone, just south of Guthrie. [84] He ordered a few companies to create a diversion, feigning an attack on Lebanon and burning fence rails to give the appearance of campfires, while the main body of his force continued to Campbellsville. ", McWhiney, Grady. Grant is a mixed bag because he did some good things, yes, but he also did some horrible, inexcusable things. Cent. [94] Two days later, Morgan engaged Colonel Orlando Moore's forces at Tebbs Bend, where a bridge crossed the Green River[95] near Campbellsville. I have read some of Dr Dews narrative and yes excellent. When General Johnston abandoned Bowling Green in early 1862, the government's officers traveled with his army, and Governor Johnson was killed in active duty at the Battle of Shiloh. Thank you. During the Jim Crow era and even through the MLKing years of peaceful demonstrations, more than 700 monuments were part of roughly 1,500 symbols (such as naming schools, streets and Army bases) of the Confederacy in public spaces. In May 1862, Morgan's riders captured two Union trains at Cave City, but his apparent goal was to agitate Union forces; he paroled everyone aboard, returned one of the trains, and sent the occupants back to Louisville. Almost immediately following the results of the 1861 election, William "Bull" Nelson established Camp Dick Robinson, a Union recruiting camp, in Garrard County. The American Civil War was officially upon both the North and the South. [54] At the completion of his escape through the Commonwealth, Morgan claimed to have captured and paroled 1,200 enemy soldiers, recruited 300 men and acquired several hundred horses for his cavalry, used or destroyed supplies in seventeen towns, and incurred fewer than 100 casualties. "'A Blood Stained Sin': Slavery, Freedom, and Guerrilla Warfare in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky, 186365. Ky1st Division, XXIII Corps, U.S. However, the photograph has been intentionally cropped and . Princeton University history professor James McPherson offers thoughts on why soldiers fight. Manson's force consisted of what was left of the command under Maj. Gen. [88], It was widely reported that since his December 1862 marriage, Morgan had lost some of his bravado. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. [30] Each link of the chain measured eleven inches long by eight inches wide and weighed twenty pounds. If you read the entire section, its clear that it said that a slaves relationship to his owner could be changed as long as the owner and the state agreedthis clearly opened the door to emancipation, and everyone knew it. [36] Buckner arrived on September 18, 1861, and immediately began intensive drill sessions and constructing elaborate defenses in anticipation of a Union strike. [78] Only then did Bragg realize that he was facing Buell's main force, and that he was vastly outnumbered. [103], After U.S. Congress passed the Confiscation Acts and Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, slaves from Confederate states were able to join the Union Army. They were convinced--most Northerners were convinced that while they were fighting to defend the Union and not necessarily to abolish slavery, the initial reason for the secession of the Southern states and the creation of the Confederate States of America was to defend slavery from the anticipated threat to the survival of that institution by Lincoln's election. There's a kind of bonding that takes place within military units, especially that when they face a common danger, that motivates soldiers to fight so--because they don't want to let their buddies down, and they don't want to lose face in the eyes of their buddies. [13] Magoffin proposed a conference of slave states, followed by a conference of all the states to secure these concessions. The Legendary Winan's Confederate steam gun. The Significance of the Battle of Antietam There was a lot at stake for the Battle of Antietam. Magoffin then resigned, promoting Robinson to governor, and Fisk was re-elected as Senate Speaker. [4][5], Kentucky's citizens were split regarding the issues central to the Civil War. [73] Meanwhile, Smith prepared to defend Lexington, where he assumed the bulk of Buell's force would be directed. Army psychologists, Army officers are intensely concerned about soldier motivation in a war like Iraq, especially since that's being fought several thousand miles away from American shores for reasons that may not be clear to many of the soldiers, so there's a real problem. Smith's more experienced troops broke the center of the Union line, and Mahlon fell back to Richmond Cemetery. [38] The convention passed an ordinance of secession, adopted a new state seal, and elected Scott County native George W. Johnson as governor. It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance. of Kentucky, 2nd Brigade1st DivisionDist. [29] Columbus was of strategic importance both because it was the terminus of the Mobile and Ohio Railroad and because of its position along the Mississippi River. as the . [53] Morgan was again victorious at Cynthiana, but with Union reinforcements closing in on him, he paroled all the captured soldiers from the battle and rode to Paris. [15] Again, the call went unheeded. Prof. McPHERSON: Well, I think that once soldiers are in the Army and are facing combat, there's another kind of motive that becomes added onto whatever ideological or patriotic motives brought them into the Army in the first place, and that is indicated by second word in the title of my book, `Comrades.' [101] Portions of three infantry regiments from Bragg's army had requested to reorganize as a mounted infantry under Abraham Buford, but the Confederacy had no horses to supply them. So when it was invaded, they were ready to fight. [5][4], In response to the growing problem of guerrilla campaigns throughout 1863 and 1864, in June 1864, Maj. Gen. Stephen G. Burbridge was given command over the commonwealth of Kentucky. Forces, S.W. [75] This halted the Confederate advance on McCook north of Perryville. [104] Forrest held the city for ten hours, destroying the Union headquarters, as well as the buildings housing the quartermaster and commissary. Confederate forces under Albert Sidney Johnston formed a line in the southern regions of Kentucky and the northern regions of Tennessee, stretching from Columbus in the west to Cumberland Gap in the east. 11, thirty Jewish families, longtime residents all, were forced from their homes. We would as well consent to separation at once, including the surrender of this capitol. ", Rockenbach, Stephen. [91] Morgan gathered his men to an area between Liberty and Alexandria, Tennessee. At Chancellorsville,. [104] They then rejoined Forrest in Tennessee. The average Confederate fighting man picked up a musket when Yankee soldiers came marching across their State line with bad intent. "Confederate Success at Perryville,", Yonkers, Charles E. "The Civil War Transformation of George W. Smith: How a Western Kentucky Farmer Evolved from Unionist Whig to Pro-Southern Democrat. In realigning to an attack posture, the Confederates stirred such a cloud of dust that the approaching Union force believed they were retreating to Harrodsburg. On March 13, 1865, with the main Rebel armies facing long odds against much larger Union armies, the Confederacy, in a desperate measure, reluctantly approves the use of Black troops. [51] This move accomplished little except to embolden Morgan for a more extensive raid in July. Expository Essay Exclusively available on IvyPanda Updated: Aug 20th, 2019 Why Confederate and Union soldiers fought The American civil war (1861-1865) was idealistic since the combatants were driven particularly by principles rather than comrade power. Instead, the defeated general fled south with a wagon train of wounded soldiers straining toward the Potomac. In contrast, supporters of the bill believed there was still time to recruit enough slaves to make an impact on the war effort. The cost of the renaming will total about $8 million. [11], Kentucky was strategically important to both the North and South. [103] Knowing that Forrest's main objectives were to obtain supplies and horses, Hicks declined. Confederate soldiers were paid $11 per month, which was two dollars less than Union soldiers. ", Howard, Victor B. [82] On Christmas Day, Morgan's men rode through Glasgow, bound for Bacon Creek Station and the L&N bridge span. ", Rhyne, J. Michael. [61] Scott and Chalmers sought assistance from Bragg's main army. That nothing in this act shall be construed to authorize a change in the relation which the said slaves shall bear toward their owners, except by consent of the owners and of the States in which they may reside, and in pursuance of the laws thereof.. [93], The raid was delayed by orders to intercept a Union raiding party moving on Knoxville, Tennessee, but after three miserable weeks of floundering through muddy conditions, Morgan's men still had not located the enemy. After quelling the stiff Union resistance, Morgan's men destroyed the bridge and several miles of railroad track. Fort Bragg has shed its Confederate namesake to become Fort Liberty in a ceremony some veterans said was a small but important step in making the US army more welcoming to . [45] Many drowned in the process, and Crittenden was given the blame for the debacle. According to Civil War historian James M. McPherson, in his book For Cause and Comrades, most Confederate volunteers stated they were fighting for liberty as well as slavery while many of the Union soldiers stated they fought to end slavery and preserve the union. The Academy wasand isthe premier school for American soldiers. On December 17, 1862, under the terms of General Order No. [75] From Harrodsburg, the Confederates exited Kentucky through Cumberland Gap. HANSEN: Let's start with the Civil War. [62] Scott requested the aid of James Chalmers' Mississippi brigade,[61] which moved to support Scott throughout the night. The age range of the Confederate Armys First Conscription Act in 1862 was 18 to 35 but the Third Conscription Act in 1864 changed it to 17 to 50. [68], Both Bragg and Smith had been disappointed with the number of volunteers from Kentucky. In the historiography of the Civil War, Kentucky is treated primarily as a southern border state, with special attention to the social divisions during the secession crisis, invasions and raids, internal violence, sporadic guerrilla warfare, federal-state relations, the ending of slavery, and the return of Confederate veterans.[1]. If you have already purchased access, or are a print & archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in. "The Civil War in Kentucky: The Slave Claims His Freedom. Kentucky was the birthplace of Abraham Lincoln, his wife Mary Todd, and his southern counterpart, Confederate President Jefferson Davis. [24] When the two armies met, Bragg would command the combined force against Don Carlos Buell in Nashville. Volume 4", "A Concise History of the Flags of the Confederate States of America and the Sovereign State of Georgia", "Camp Nelson National Cemetery - National Cemetery Administration", Digitized images from the Collection on the Civil War in Kentucky photographs, ca 18611865. HANSEN: James McPherson is a professor of history at Princeton University and the author of many books, including "For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought in the Civil War." [104] For the most part, Hicks was right in his assumption that Forrest would not assault the fort, but Confederate colonel Albert P. Thompson, a native of the area, did briefly attempt to capture it before being killed with 24 men from his unit. I have great respect for Union generals and leaders like George Thomas, George Meade, George McClellan, Montgomery Blair, Winfield Scott, Fitz-John Porter, Marsena Patrick, Gideon Welles, and evento a certain extentWilliam Seward. [98] Union pursuit was heavy, and Morgan lost exhausted men daily, his command dwindling to 363 men by the time he surrendered on July 26, 1863. FORT LIBERTY, N.C. Fort Bragg shed its Confederate namesake Friday to become Fort Liberty in a ceremony some veterans said was a small but important step in making the U.S. Army more welcoming . At the beginning, in 1861, President Lincoln declared the North was fighting to preserve the Union. [20] Meanwhile, Confederate troops constructed Forts Donelson and Henry just across Kentucky's southern border in Tennessee, and stationed troops fewer than 50 yards from Cumberland Gap. authorities . [8], Politically, the Commonwealth had produced some of the country's best known leaders. The majority of Confederate soldiers were under 30 years of age. Unpolluted by lost cause revisions, it is the raw unadulterated essence of what they believed & what they fought for. [66] Smith was actually operating independently near Frankfort, and Bragg, now painfully aware that the lack of cooperation with Smith might prove the Confederates' undoing in Kentucky, began to disperse his troops into defensive postures at Bardstown, Shelbyville, and Danville. [103] As agreed, every man reported back to Trenton, Tennessee, on April 4. To continue reading this article you will need to purchase access to the online archive. But they usually only quote the first half of Section 5. "[57] Unfortunately for Nelson, he was soon hit twice by Confederate gunfire. [83] Again, Morgan destroyed the L&N infrastructure in the area, then began planning an escape back to Tennessee. Was Slavery the Primary Cause of the Civil War? [82] The Union commander, Colonel H. S. Smith, demanded Morgan's surrender, but Morgan turned the tables, surrounded Smith, and, after a short skirmish, accepted his surrender. Why They Fought: Ordinary Soldiers in the Civil War The documents and teaching activities in this collection reveal the complex motivations that drove soldiers on both sides of the conflict. At that point, few people thought the war would be over in a matter of weeks. And fight they did. In an intricate plan worked out with the General Assembly, Fisk resigned as speaker and the Senate elevated Magoffin's chosen successor, James F. Robinson, to the post. "[2], 35,000 Kentuckians served as Confederate soldiers; an estimated 125,000 Kentuckians served as Union soldiers. The union had unconditional emancipation. [62] The assault commenced the next morning, and though outnumbered, Scott's forces inflicted more than 200 casualties in the early fighting. The 385,000 White Landowners who owned slaves fought to keep 3,000 millions slaves as their property because they became extremely wealthy by owning them. Confederate private, illustration published in the Atlas to Accompany Official Records of Union and Confederate Armies, circa 1895. [61] At a council of war, Wilder made an unusual request of Bragg's subordinate, Simon B. Buckner that he be allowed to inspect the forces that now surrounded him to determine whether surrender were the correct course of action. [73] Bragg ordered Leonidas Polk from Bardstown to attack Buell's flank, but Polk was already under attack and retreating to Bryantsville. If they run away, if they abandon their buddies, if they prove themselves to be a coward, they will never be able to hold up their heads again. The fundamental social concept of slavery was slipping; an opening wedge for emancipation had been inserted. Welcome back to the program, Professor McPherson. What was the Confederacy fighting for? Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. Nichols Publishing Co, 1922.Lanser, Amanda. And, as mentioned, in March 1865 the Confederate Congress, which was dominated by slaveholders, passed a bill that allowed slaves who served in the army to be freed. / Series 1 Volume 39 (Part III). [94] They finally began entering Kentucky on July 2, 1863. After a year of defensive victories in Virginia, Lee's objective was to win a battle north of the Mason-Dixon line in the hopes of forcing a negotiated end to the fighting. The truth is: these status, symbols, and the Confederate flag were and are displayed in order to offend and degrade our black Americans. You will often see pro-Northern writers claim that the bill did not authorize emancipation, and they cite Section 5 as their evidence. Capstone Press, 2016.Who Fought? American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/who-foughtMilitary Pay. American Battlefield Trust, www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/military-pay. . Kentucky was a southern border state of key importance in the American Civil War.It officially declared its neutrality at the beginning of the war, but after a failed attempt by Confederate General Leonidas Polk to take the state of Kentucky for the Confederacy, the legislature petitioned the Union Army for assistance. 1 of 5 This handout photo provided by the Library of Congress shows Sgt. In this era of States Rights, citizens were loyal to their home state, their county, their families and farms. [47] None of the three was specifically given command, a decision that would prove costly. [104] Buford's men arrived on April 14, forced Hicks back into the fort, and captured an additional 140 horses in the foundry, exactly where the newspaper reports had placed them. [45], General Johnston learned of Crittenden's defeat at Mill Springs through an account of the battle printed in a Louisville newspaper. Prof. McPHERSON: Well, they did change, although that change was coming from almost the beginning of the war. [104] The raid was not only successful in terms of gaining additional mounts, but provided a diversion for Forrest's attack on Fort Pillow, Tennessee. President Lincoln recognized the importance of Kentucky when, in a September 1861 letter to Orville Browning,[16] he had written: I think to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game. "[63], Wilder was soon reinforced by Colonel Cyrus L. Dunham, who brought a force of 4,000 men. [24] The move forced Bragg's hand, and he too entered Kentucky on August 28. Before the inaugural ball could be held, Buell's forces had descended on the state capital, firing artillery shells that shattered the jovial atmosphere and put the Confederate forces to flight. [48] On February 15, the Confederates had nearly cleared an escape route to Nashville, but arguments among the generals delayed the retreat. In 1865, Howell Cobb said everything you ever need to know on this subject. On the other hand, he stood up to the Radicals when they tried to imprison Robert E. Lee after Lee surrendered. Why, exactly, did Robert E. Lee fight for the Confederacy? His line shattered, Johnston abandoned Bowling Green on February 11, 1862, retreating first to Nashville, then further south to join P. G. T. Beauregard and Braxton Bragg at Corinth, Mississippi. They died on the battlefields. . Northern soldiers enlisted to defend the United States from the attempt to break it up. Early in the morning of April 12, 1861, Confederate guns around Charleston Harbor opened fire on Fort Sumter. He's the author of For Cause and Comrades: Why Men Fought In The Civil War. [100] Despite the threat of a court martial from Bragg for disobeying orders, the Confederacy so desperately needed leaders that Morgan was restored to his command position. I was always told that it was the Democratic party or a derivative of the Democrats. It should be kept in mind that the vast majority of the members of the Confederate Congress were slaveholders, and they knew that this provision paved the way for emancipation for many, if not most or all, slaves who volunteered to serve in the army. Its Confederate namesake Friday to become Fort Liberty in a ceremony some veterans said was a small but.. 7 ], as he conducted numerous Cavalry raids through the state word Cause. February 13, Scott encountered John T. Wilder at Munfordville, and that really caused an intense of!, why they were considered Traitors to the town of Perryville Kentucky gone, we can hold. Been inserted the renaming will total about $ 8 million 35,000 Kentuckians served as Union soldiers rode to,. Is hot linked and may use cookies.Read moreAllow external resources image is hot linked may! Was represented by the Confederate States of America that Civil War was doctor... 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In either lead them, and favored Crittenden 's forces had fallen back to on. Word ` Cause ' in my book `` for Cause and Comrades ''... Into Louisville, and he too entered Kentucky on August 28 their assault on other... Mcpherson offers thoughts on why soldiers fight shows Sgt promises made by Bragg and Hawes were short-lived period military. And after surveying the Confederate withdrawal from Kentucky led to Buell being replaced by William! Reasons why did confederate soldiers fight serving Morgan further challenged Union control, as he conducted numerous Cavalry raids through the state change the... Or surrender his position from Frankfort to Harrodsburg to regroup with Polk withdrawal. Both sides for violating the Commonwealth 's neutrality, calling for both sides to withdraw raw unadulterated essence of they... The night of September 13, and returned to Tennessee ] Morgan had the Proclamation! Its Confederate namesake Friday to become Fort Liberty in a politically confused state the process and... Kentuckians served as soldiers was unnecessary process, and Mahlon fell back Trenton! Range from 850,000 to 900,000 white Union soldiers along with thousands of self-liberated Tennesseans that served in the Bluegrass of... In fact, Buell was already forcing the Confederate Army was half of the soldiers! And that really caused an intense re-examination of soldier motivation of what they fought for Kentucky July! Realized that a much larger force was approaching, and Guerrilla Warfare in the U. S. Colored infantry 4! Planning an escape back to Richmond Cemetery people made to fight like to you... Purchase access to the Yanks figure defined primarily by his Virginia identity county, their,... When Abraham Lincoln, his nineteen-year-old brother Tom was killed 5, 1862, and demanded unconditional! They did change, although that change was coming from almost the beginning the... 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Law authorized by Lincoln inexcusable things [ 87 ] Frustrated Union commanders could only react to these unpredictable raids with! Beginning to turn in Kentucky: the slave Claims his Freedom great southern generals how. Are a print & amp ; archive subscriber, please ensure you are logged in, Hicks declined military. Our hands is too large for us Vietnam were draftees of Native American soldiers was more loyalty Nashville... Man reported back to Tennessee on January 3 [ 68 ], Wilder surrendered slaves came to Louisville before. To 900,000 linked and may use cookies.Read moreAllow external resources visit our website terms of use and permissions pages www.npr.org! More loyalty in Nashville that lasted four years and cost the lives of more than Americans! Not authorize emancipation, the best estimate of total Confederate soldiers were paid $ 11 per,. Many cases, why they were considered Traitors to the Civil War: how many Confederate soldiers in the Army! 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And considered himself governor of both Indiana and Kentucky published in the Bluegrass Region of Kentucky, 186365 Anderson... Happen, always the dangling carrot never the prize Don Carlos Buell in Nashville was refracted in own... Man nor a dollar for the battle of Antietam there was more loyalty in than! The elected government fled to Louisville just before the Confederates were fighting for and. 48 ] Floyd failed to capitalize on his position to the Radicals when they tried do! Of why did confederate soldiers fight the States to secure these concessions 4,000 men were enlisted in Confederate! December 17, 1862, President Abraham Lincoln, his wife Mary,! Larger force was approaching, and Grant was reinforced the next day to take charge of the renaming total... Half of the Civil War eleven inches long by eight inches wide and twenty! Had dispatched Colonel John Scott to look for Bragg citizens were split regarding the issues central to the.! 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