[166] Despite the SAF agreeing to a three-day truce later that afternoon, fighting continued throughout the day in Khartoum and other conflict zones. First Sudanese Civil War (1955-1972) January 22, 2020 contributed by: Samuel Momodu Child Soldiers, First Sudanese Civil War Fair use image, Source unknown [170], On 26 April, the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) proposed a 72-hour extension of the ceasefire, while South Sudan offered to host mediation efforts. Web"Book Review: The Secret War in the Sudan: 19551972 by Edgar O'Ballance". [29][25][26] Bashir was imprisoned in Khartoum; he was not turned over to the ICC, which had issued warrants for al-Bashir's arrest on charges of war crimes. [75] Doctors on the ground warned that stated figures do not include all casualties as many people could not reach hospitals due to difficulties in movement. [126][127], On 16 April, the RSF claimed that its troops in Port Sudan had been attacked by foreign aircraft and issued a warning against any foreign interference. As a result, the Egyptian Armed Forces announced that it was following the situation as a precaution for the safety of its personnel. [130] After initial confusion, the RSF accepted the explanation that Egyptian equipment and supporting personnel were conducting exercises with the Sudanese military prior to the outbreak of hostilities. The shooting began on 15 April following days of tension as members of the RSF were redeployed around the country in a move that the army saw as a threat. Build the strongest argument relying on authoritative content, attorney-editor expertise, and industry defining technology. [76] A spokesperson for the Sudanese Red Crescent was also quoted as saying that the number of casualties "was not small". WebIn September 1963 a rebellion erupted in southeastern Sudan, led by the Anya Nya, a southern Sudanese guerrilla organization that believed that only violent resistance would make the government of Abbd seek a solution acceptable to the southerners. [145] Efforts at extraction were hampered by the fighting within the capital Khartoum, particularly in and around the airport. That conflict ended in compromise in 1972. The main sticking points are plans to include the 100,000-strong RSF into the army, and who would then lead the new force. Timeline: Darfur crisis Timeline of important events in Sudan, starting 2004. 1. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. Airstrikes, artillery, and gunfire were reported across Sudan including in Khartoum. [147], The humanitarian crisis following the fighting was further exacerbated by the violence occurring during a period of high temperatures, drought and it starting during the latter part of the fasting month of Ramadan. Who is 'Hemedti', general behind Sudan's feared RSF force? [30][34] Chief among their political disputes is the integration of the RSF into the military:[30][35] the RSF insisted on a ten-year timetable for its integration into the regular army, while the army demanded integration within two years. (modern), Fighting between Sudan military rivals breaks out in Khartoum amid power struggle video. [140][141], Abdul Qadir Al-Haymi, a journalist at Al-Sudani, expressed his regret for publishing the story about the Ethiopian incursion, emphasizing that the story was not true and that no clashes had occurred between Sudanese and Ethiopian forces, regretting what he called "confusion" caused by the news. Eight months of sustained civil disobedience were met with violent repression. Many find this message hard to believe, given the brutal track record of the RSF. [49] Witnesses said the SAF reinforcements were brought in from near the eastern border with Ethiopia. By James Copnall BBC Sudan analyst A soundtrack of explosions, a skyline dominated by bitter, black smoke, a daily existence of fear and uncertainty as bullets, rockets and rumours fly. This page was last edited on 3 June 2023, at 06:27. Some suspect him of having links to ex-President Bashir and his allies, which the army has denied. The report alleged that the Ethiopian Army had carried out an attack with tanks, armored vehicles, and infantry and that the SAF had inflicted heavy losses on Ethiopian personnel and equipment. [42] On 16 April, the SAF announced the rescue of a major general and a brigadier, the arrests of multiple RSF officers, and the taking of Merowe Airport. On January 1, 1956, Sudan gained independence from the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium, the joint British and Egyptian government that administrated Sudan. WebAn armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan began on 15 April 2023, when clashes broke out in cities, with the fighting concentrated around the capital city of Khartoum and the Darfur region. [68], Fighting continued in various areas of Sudan, including Khartoum, Khartoum Bahri, Omdurman and Darfur. [78] Many bodies were seen lying on the streets of Khartoum, particularly around the defence ministry and airport, but could not be retrieved given the intensity of the fighting. [106] On 17 April, the European Union Ambassador to Sudan, Aidan O'Hara of Ireland, was assaulted by unidentified "armed men wearing military fatigues" in his home and suffered minor injuries but was able to resume working on 19 April. [162] The SAF and the RSF issued statements accusing each other of failing to respect the ceasefire. The SAF said it supported the plan and would send an envoy to the South Sudanese capital Juba, to participate in the talks. None of the revolutions Freedom, Peace and Justice claims have been honoured. [71] The Turkish embassy in Khartoum was moved to Port Sudan after the Turkish ambassador's car was hit by gunfire, with both sides of the conflict blaming each other for the attack. A joint military-civilian government was then established but that was overthrown in another coup in October 2021, when Gen Burhan took over. ", "How the crisis in Sudan accentuated the strategic importance of Djibouti", "As New Wave of Violence Hits Sudan's Capital, Civilians Feel the Strain", "Sudan crisis: Civilians facing 'catastrophe' as 100,000 flee fighting UN", "More than 60% of hospitals out of service", "Supply shortages becoming 'extremely acute' UN", "Sudan residents face cash shortage as sources dry up", "President Biden authorises sanctions against Sudan", "More than 1 million people displaced by Sudan crisis, UN says", "Clashes rock Sudan ceasefire as UN official seeks aid protection", "Sudanese army and RSF back 'urgent humanitarian ceasefire', "Sudan approves passage for urgent humanitarian cases", "UN envoy to Sudan 'disappointed' by ceasefire violations", "Sudan fighting: RSF and army clash in Khartoum for third day", "Sudan's army denies knowledge of ceasefire", "Gunfire, shelling in Khartoum despite truce: Resident", "Fighting continues in Sudan hours after ceasefire was to begin", "Thousands flee as new ceasefire attempt fails in Sudan", "Sudan's RSF announces 72-hour ceasefire amid Khartoum fighting", "Sudan's army says it agrees to three-day truce starting Friday", "3-day Sudan ceasefire announced by US Secretary of State", "Sporadic gunfire in Khartoum despite new truce", "Sudan army chief backs ceasefire extension as skirmishes continue", "Sudan's army and RSF say ceasefire extended but fighting goes on", "Fighting rages despite ceasefire announcement", "Sudan army says it agreed to extend truce with RSF", "Rivals agree to send representatives to UN negotiations: AJ correspondent", "Sudan rivals agree 'in principle' to a week's truce", "Fighting continues in Khartoum with a ceasefire broken by both sides", "Sudan activists 'reject both warlords, call for participation in peace talks'", "Rival Sudan factions meet in Saudi Arabia as pressure mounts", "Sudan's warring military factions to meet face-to-face for first time since conflict began", "Sudan conflict: Army and RSF agree deal to protect civilians", "Sudan's army, Rapid Support Forces sign 7-day ceasefire", "wahdat altahaquq bialjazirat mubashir takshif haqiqat maqatie fidyu nasharaha aljaysh alsuwdaniu wawasayil 'iielam (fidyu)", "Partly False: Two of these photos are not from the April 2023 Sudan unrest", "Fact Check: Video Does NOT Show 'Sudan Rapid Support Force' In Control Of 'Khartoum International Airport And Military Base' On April 15, 2023", "RSF head calls for international community to intervene", "Sudan's army and rival force battle, killing at least 56", "Sudan analyst says SAF chance of victory is higher, but fears return of former regime", "Sudan 'resistance' activists mobilise as crisis escalates", "Fighting leads to internet cuts, Sudanese protests against the war", "Situation in Sudan: President of the Republic sends messages to UN SG, AU President and IGAD Executive Secretary", "Sudanese soldiers stopped, disarmed by Chad's army", "China, highly concerned about Sudan situation, calls for ceasefire", "Foreign Ministry Spokesperson's Remarks on the Armed Clashes in Sudan", "Egypt and South Sudan offer to mediate between Sudanese sides", "Fierce fighting continues in Sudan after brief humanitarian pause", "Sudan should only have one army Eritrea's president", "Sudan clashes kill at least 25 in power struggle between army, paramilitaries", "Germany cancels evacuation mission in Sudan report", "PM Modi chairs meet on Sudan crisis, asks officials to prepare evacuation plans for stranded Indians", "Make plans to get Sudan Indians home: PM Modi", "Israel proposes hosting Sudan rivals for ceasefire talks", "Malaysia condemns Armed Forces-RSF hostilities in Sudan, says Wisma Putra", "Sudan conflict: Wisma Putra doing its best to bring home stranded Malaysians, says Zambry", "Norway Warns Its Citizens to Avoid Travel to Sudan", "Pakistan closely monitoring security situation in Sudan: FO", "Pakistan says trying to ensure safety of its nationals in Sudan following coup attempt", "Portugal: Trying to help Brazilians trapped in Sudan, hopes for EU assistance", "Saudi FM urges halt to military escalation in Sudan in calls with Burhan, RSF leader", "South Africa Says Evacuating Citizens from Sudan", "Albares asegura que Espaa no abandonar Sudn pese a la evacuacin y trabajar para el regreso de la paz", "Sweden to evacuate embassy staff from Sudan when possible", "Tanzania plans to evacuate students from Sudan", "Turkey calls both sides to end fighting and return to negotiations", "Britain's top diplomat James Cleverly skips part of Pacific tour to focus on Sudan", "US Secretary of State Blinken calls for immediate end to violence in Sudan", "Blinken Speaks To Sudan Generals, Calls For Ceasefire", "US deploys more troops to Djibouti for possible Sudan evacuation", "Biden authorizes future sanctions tied to conflict in Sudan", "Pope Francis urges dialogue over 'grave' situation", "Communiqu Adopted by the Peace and Security Council (PSC) of the African Union (AU) at its 1149th meeting, held on 16 April 2023, on Briefing on the situation in Sudan. [155], On 16 April, representatives from the SAF and the RSF agreed to a proposal by the United Nations to pause fighting between 16:00 and 19:00 local time (CAT). But civilians continued to campaign for the introduction of democracy. As the plan for a new transition developed, Hemedti aligned himself more closely with civilian parties from a coalition, the Forces for Freedom and Change (FFC), that shared power with the military between Bashir's overthrow and the 2021 coup. The fighting in Sudan began on 15 April and was triggered by a power struggle between former allies - the leaders of the regular army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). [139] Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed denied that clashes had occurred, blaming agitators for the reports. VideoA rare insight into Hitler's private life, Why the city that never sleeps is slowly sinking. Why violence has broken out in Sudan video explainer. There had been some hope that talks could resolve the situation but these never happened. Historically, it was an Islamic sultanate located in the western Sudan. The army has branded the RSF a rebel force and demanded its dissolution, while Hemedti has called Burhan a criminal and blamed him for visiting destruction on the country. Gulf states have pursued investments in sectors including agriculture, where Sudan holds vast potential, and ports on Sudan's Red Sea coast. Why did the fighting in Sudan start? [128] According to former CIA analyst Cameron Hudson, Egyptian fighter jets are a part of these bombing campaigns against the RSF, and Egyptian special forces units have been deployed and are providing intelligence and tactical support to SAF. Burhan and Hemedti both developed close ties to Saudi Arabia after sending troops to participate in the Saudi-led operation in Yemen. As of 27 May, at least 1,800 people had been killed[5][4][9] and more than 5,100 others had been injured. The RSF then dispersed a peaceful sit-in that was held in front of the military headquarters in Khartoum, killing hundreds of people and raping dozens more. In addition, they want justice for at least 125 people killed by security forces in protests since the 2021 coup. WebAn armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan began on 15 April 2023. [28], In December 2018, protests against al-Bashir's regime began, the first phase of the Sudanese Revolution. [136] 177 of the captured Egyptian troops were released and flown back to Egypt aboard three Egyptian military planes that took off from Khartoum airport later in the day. 2023 BBC. It started when clashes broke out in western Sudan, in the capital city of Khartoum, and in the Darfur region. The bulletins were created with the assistance of Capital Tap Holdings, a Dubai-based investment firm which has mining interests in Sudan and the wider continent. [167][168] A new 72-hour ceasefire agreement was announced on 24 April,[169] but fighting continued again. Western powers, including the United States, had swung behind a transition towards democratic elections following Bashir's overthrow. [150] The United Nations reported that shortages of basic goods, such as food, water, medicines and fuel have become "extremely acute". [26], In August 2019, after international pressure and mediation by the African Union and Ethiopia, the military agreed to share power in an interim joint civilian-military unity government (the Transitional Sovereignty Council), headed by a civilian Prime Minister, Abdalla Hamdok, with elections to take place in 2023. The unit also claimed the video showing Sudanese army commander Abdel Fattah al-Burhan inspecting the Armoured Corps was from before the fighting. [50] The situation in Merowe was returning to normal, with the SAF regaining control over the airport. As a sign of their rift, Dagalo expressed regret over the October 2021 coup. Over 160,000 people have fled to neighboring countries. [152] The World Food Programme said that more than $13 million worth of food aid destined for Sudan had been looted since the fighting broke out. The war in Darfur began in 2003 after ethnic African rebels revolted against former President Omar al-Bashir's Arab-dominated government. The international criminal court is seeking trials for Bashir and other Sudanese suspects. [27] These developments ensured that RSF forces grew into the tens of thousands, including thousands of armed pickup trucks, which regularly patrolled the streets of Khartoum. [191], On 22 and 23 April, protests against the conflict were held by residents in Khartoum Bahri, Arbaji, and Damazin. Sudanese refugees have fled the recent fighting to the countys neighbours, including thousands who have crossed into Chad. [46] The SAF claimed control of the headquarters of Sudan TV and state radio in Khartoum,[47] and the RSF released a video on their Twitter page. The Sudanese air force has mounted air strikes in the capital, a city of more than six million people, which is likely to have led to civilian casualties. The capital of Sudans West Darfur state was the scene of intense fighting since war had erupted in the country in mid-April. Most just six or seven years old, they fled to Ethiopia to escape death or induction into the northern army. The most comprehensive solution to manage all your complex and ever-expanding tax and compliance needs. The paramilitary Rapid Support Forces are loyal to Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti. [10], On 15 April, RSF forces claimed, via Twitter, to have taken several Egyptian troops prisoner near Merowe,[131][132] as well as a military plane carrying markings of the Egyptian Air Force. [187], Rapid Support Forces: In an interview with Al Jazeera, Hemedti, commander of the RSF, accused Abdel Fattah al-Burhan of forcing the RSF to begin confrontations and accused SAF commanders of scheming to bring deposed leader Omar al-Bashir back to power. When fighting broke out, both sides blamed the other for provoking the violence. [55], On 23 April, a series of mass escapes occurred at Kobar Prison and four other prisons, with over 25,000 detainees escaping. Since then, Gen Dagalo has built a powerful force that has intervened in conflicts in Yemen and Libya. [124] Sudan's army chief, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, stated that "So far, there has been no confirmation about the Wagner Group's support for the RSF. [56][57] There was also a near-total internet outage across the country, which was attributed to electricity shortages caused by attacks on the electric grid. [98] Two Americans were also killed, including a professor working in the University of Khartoum who was stabbed to death while evacuating. [48], Fighting between the SAF and the RSF continued in Khartoum, with heavy weaponry being used. Related Topics Sudan [103][104] A Filipino migrant worker[105] and an Indonesian student at a school in Khartoum were injured by stray bullets. A video reportedly of Sudanese helicopters flying over Khartoum to participate in operations by the SAF against the RSF, which also circulated on social media, turned out to be from November 2022. [24] Key leaders in the RSF have been indicted by the International Criminal Court (ICC) of genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity,[25] although Hemedti was not personally implicated in the 20032004 atrocities. Khartoum Airport was closed due to fighting, making arrival by air difficult. A power-sharing deal with the civilians who led the protests against Bashir, which was supposed to bring about a transition towards a democratic government, was interrupted by a coup in October 2021. Another point of contention is the pursuit of justice over allegations of war crimes by the military and its allies in the conflict in Darfur from 2003. 1. On 29 May, the Sudan Doctors Syndicate said at least 866 civilians had been killed and thousands more injured. It caused the most civilian casualties in a single incident in the capital since the war began. [74] On 6 May, Save the Children UK said that at least 190 children had been killed in the conflict. Then, after spending four months preparing for the final advance to Omdurman, Kitcheners army of about 25,000 troops met the massed 60,000-man army of the Khalfah outside the city on September 2, 1898. [156] The SAF announced that it approved a UN proposal to open a safe passage for urgent humanitarian cases for three hours every day starting from 16:00 local time, and stated that it reserved the right to react if the RSF "commit[ted] any violations". Since gaining independence from the U.K. in 1956, there have been coups in 1958, 1969, 1985, 1989, 2019 and 2021. [10] Other contested issues included the status given to RSF officers in the future hierarchy, and whether RSF forces should be under the command of the army chief rather than Sudan's commander-in-chief, who is currently al-Burhan. The SAF's high command said it would continue operations to secure the capital and other regions. [107][80] On 23 April, a French evacuation convoy was shot at, leaving one injured. [30], Tensions between the RSF and the Sudanese junta began to escalate in February 2023, as the RSF began to recruit members from across Sudan. Over 700,000 Sudanese have been displaced internally since April 15. The popular uprising had raised hopes that Sudan and its population of 46 million could emerge from decades of autocracy, internal conflict and economic isolation under Bashir. [142], On 5 May, the British newspaper i reported that the RSF sent "special bulletins" to UK politicians, which it claimed was to combat "the disproportionate amount of disinformation" about the conflict. The SAF declared the mobilization illegal. (AP The Sudanese armed forces are broadly loyal to Gen Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, the countrys de facto ruler, while the paramilitaries of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a collection of militia, follow the former warlord Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, known as Hemedti. [21] Bashir formalized the militias in 2013, creating the RSF as a paramilitary organization and giving its commanders formal military ranks;[22] Hemedti was given the rank of lieutenant general. [45] Clashes resumed on 17 April in Khartoum, Omdurman, and Merowe airport. WebThe Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, largely a continuation of the First Sudanese Civil War of 1955 to 1972. [53] Fighting also spread along the main road leading southeast out of the capital. Hemedti has huge wealth derived from the export of gold from illegal mines, and commands tens of thousands of battle-hardened veterans. [171] The RSF announced its support for the extended ceasefire on 27 April. November: The United States imposed sanctions on Sudan. Access unmatched financial data, news and content in a highly-customised workflow experience on desktop, web and mobile. [79][80] A student was shot and killed at the University of Khartoum. CNN Sudan has descended into crisis after the military dissolved the countrys power-sharing government and declared a state of emergency on Monday. Turkey's newly appointed Finance Minister Mehmet Simsek said on Sunday that the country has no choice but to return to "rational ground" to ensure predictability in the economy. [113], On 18 April, a SAF general claimed that two unnamed neighboring countries were trying to provide aid to the RSF. [27] The Bashir regime allowed the RSF and other armed groups to proliferate to prevent threats to its security from within the armed forces, a practice known as "coup-proofing". [25][26] Bashir sent RSF forces to quash a 2013 uprising in South Darfur and also deployed RSF units to fight in Yemen and Libya. [154] The International Organization for Migration had earlier estimated that around 70% of IDPs had come from the Darfur region. Russia has been seeking to build a naval base on the Red Sea, while several UAE companies have been signing up to invest. Days after fighting erupted in Sudan, Amna Al-Ahmad received an urgent call for help from a pregnant woman who told her she was preparing to die. The RSF was founded by Bashir to crush a rebellion in Darfur that began more than 20 years ago due to the political and economic marginalisation of the local people by Sudans central government. They suspended financial support following the coup, then backed the plan for the new transition and a civilian government. The shooting began on 15 April following days of tension as members of the RSF were redeployed around the country in a move that the army saw as a threat. [37] Government forces ordered them to leave, but they refused. [101] The SAF claimed that the Egyptian assistant military attach was killed by RSF fire while driving his car in Khartoum, which was refuted by the Egyptian ambassador. The SAF accused the RSF of assaulting civilians and carrying out acts of looting and burning. [10][11][12][13], The history of conflicts in Sudan has consisted of foreign invasions and resistance, ethnic tensions, religious disputes, and competition over resources. The RSF, led by Hemedti, and the regular military forces under Burhan cooperated to oust Bashir in 2019. [29] In April 2019, the military (including the RSF) ousted al-Bashir in a coup d'tat, ending his three decades of rule; the army established a Transitional Military Council, a junta. Read about our approach to external linking. [92] The death toll reached over 350 on 16 May,[93] including an imam at the citys mosque. A Sudanese Air Force Guizhou JL-9 was among the destroyed aircraft. Reuters, the news and media division of Thomson Reuters, is the worlds largest multimedia news provider, reaching billions of people worldwide every day. Among some countries with a number of expatriates in Sudan are Egypt, which has more than 10,000 citizens in the country,[144] and the United States, which has more than 16,000 citizens, most of whom are dual nationals. Days after fighting erupted in Sudan, Amna Al-Ahmad received an urgent call for help from a pregnant woman who told her she was preparing to die. None of the revolutions Freedom, Peace and Justice claims have been honoured. [22] During this time, the RSF also developed a working relationship with the Russian private military outfit Wagner Group. The power struggle has its roots in the years before a 2019 uprising that ousted the dictatorial ruler Omar al-Bashir, who built up formidable security forces that he deliberately set against one another. Can sci-fi films teach us anything about an AI threat? A central cause of tension since the 2019 uprising has been the civilian demand for oversight of the military and integration of the RSF into the regular armed forces. [21] Key figures in the Darfur conflict included Hemedti, a warlord[22] who commanded the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) which evolved from the Janjaweed, a collection of Arab militias drawn from camel-trading tribes active in Darfur and portions of Chad. Hemedti swung behind the plan for a new transition, bringing tensions with Burhan to the surface. [60] AP Moller-Maersk announced it would stop taking new bookings of goods for Sudan,[61] and intercommunal clashes were reported in Blue Nile State and in Geneina. [164] Heavy fighting continued between the two sides after the ceasefire had supposedly begun. Photo: International Rescue Committee In 1987, civil war drove an estimated 20,000 young boys from their families and villages in southern Sudan. Activists and civilian groups have been angered by delays to an official investigation. It could also play into competition for influence in the region between Russia and the United States, and between regional powers who have courted different actors in Sudan. [87] In Foro Baranga in West Darfur, tens were reportedly killed and hundreds injured. Along with some pro-army rebel factions that benefited from a 2020 peace deal, the Bashir loyalists opposed the deal for a new transition. [117], Prior to the conflict, the UAE and the Wagner Group were involved in business deals with the RSF. [123] In addition, the RSF denied allegations that Wagner Group was supporting them, instead stating that the SAF was seeking such support. By Will Ross Africa editor, BBC World Service Rockets hit a market in Sudan's capital, Khartoum, killing 18 people and leaving more than 100 wounded, doctors and residents say. [190], Sudanese resistance committees coordinated medical support networks, sprayed anti-war messages on walls, and encouraged local communities to avoid siding with either the RSF or the SAF. 27 minutes ago Smoke rises from a central neighborhood of Khartoum, Sudan, Sunday, April 16, 2023, after dozens have been killed in two days of intense fighting. Tracking the rise of Russias missile strikes on Kyiv, A rare insight into Hitler's private life. [54] The Chadian Army stopped and disarmed a contingent of 320 Sudanese soldiers who had entered the country from Darfur while fleeing the RSF on 17 April. Reuters provides business, financial, national and international news to professionals via desktop terminals, the world's media organizations, industry events and directly to consumers. [89] In Nyala, in South Darfur, eight civilians were killed. The UK, US and EU have all called for a ceasefire and talks to resolve the crisis and many countries are now focused on trying to get their citizens out. The Secret War in the Sudan: 19551972. [165], On 21 April, the RSF said it would observe a 72-hour ceasefire which would come into effect at 6:00 (4:00 GMT) that day, the beginning of the Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr. [112] On 21 April, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported that one of its local employees was killed in a crossfire while travelling with his family near El-Obeid. He has long chafed at his position as official deputy on Sudans ruling council. It started when clashes broke out in western Sudan, in the capital city of The RSF was formed in 2013 and has its origins in the notorious Janjaweed militia that brutally fought rebels in Darfur, where they were accused of ethnic cleansing. The Sudanese Armed Forces reported reducing the Rapid Support Forces' combat capabilities, while the RSF claimed to have shot down a MiG fighter jet. [77][135] The RSF later stated that it would cooperate in repatriating the soldiers to Egypt. It lasted for 22 Egypt, itself ruled by military man President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi who overthrew his Islamist predecessor, has deep ties to Burhan and the army, and recently promoted a parallel track of political negotiations through parties with stronger links to the army and to Bashir's former government. It caused the most civilian casualties in a single incident in the capital since the war began. The Observer reported that Haftar assisted in preparing the RSF for months before the conflict broke out. When an effort to transition to a democratic civilian-led government faltered after Bashirs fall, an eventual showdown appeared inevitable, with diplomats in Khartoum warning in early 2022 that they feared such an outbreak of violence. The current fighting, centred on one of Africa's largest urban areas, could not only destroy those hopes but destabilise a volatile region bordering the Sahel, the Red Sea and the Horn of Africa. [114] According to The Wall Street Journal, Libyan warlord Khalifa Haftar, who is backed by the United Arab Emirates and the Russian paramilitary Wagner Group, dispatched at least one plane to fly military supplies to the RSF.[115][when?] [183], On 20 May, the SAF and RSF agreed to a week long ceasefire starting at 21:45 local time (19:45 GMT) on 22 May, following talks in Jeddah. [133] Initially, no official explanation was given for the Egyptian soldiers' presence, while Egypt and Sudan have had military cooperation due to diplomatic tensions with Ethiopia. "[143], The outbreak of violence has led foreign governments to monitor the situation in Sudan and move towards the evacuation and repatriation of its nationals. Over 700,000 Sudanese have been displaced internally since April 15. [181][182] Jonathan Hutson of the Satellite Sentinel Project stated that a broad range of Sudanese civil society, "political parties, resistance committees, women's organisations, trade unions and human rights defenders", objected to both Burhan and Hemedti, seeing them as illegitimate leaders and insisted on participating in peace negotiations. And since then the rivalry between Gen Burhan and Gen Dagalo has intensified. At the time, the new country was 1/3 the size of the contiguous U.S. and hosted about 600 ethnic groups speaking over 400 languages. [77], During initial clashes in El-Obeid and Khartoum at least three civilians were killed and dozens injured. A ceasefire was announced but fighting continued, with explosions reported in El-Obeid. In the weeks before clashes broke out tensions had risen further. It is also one the poorest countries in the world, with its 46 million people living on an average annual income of $750 (606) a head. [173], On 30 April, the RSF announced that the ceasefire was to be further extended by 72 hours,[174] to which the SAF later agreed. Four years since Omar al-Bashir was ousted, Sudan continues to face chaotic economic and political conditions, and, since 15 April, a fierce war. Dr Kamal warned that the fighting was taking a "disastrous toll" on pregnant women in Sudan. Intense clashes between Sudans military and the countrys main paramilitary force have killed hundreds of people and sent thousands fleeing for safety, as a burgeoning civil war threatens to destabilise the wider region. [74], On 14 April, the official SAF page published a video it said was of operations carried out by the Sudanese Air Force against the RSF. [32] The junta later agreed to hand over authority to a civilian-led government,[33] but it was delayed due to renewed tensions between generals Burhan and Dagalo, who serve as chairman and deputy chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council, respectively. Former Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok publicly appealed to both al-Burhan and Dagalo to cease fighting. [16] Since independence in 1956, Sudan has had more than fifteen military coups[17] and it has also been ruled by the military for the majority of the republic's existence, with only brief periods of democratic civilian parliamentary rule. [20] Approximately 300,000 people were killed and 2.7million forcibly displaced in the early part of the Darfur conflict; the intensity of the violence later declined. [20][29] However, in October 2021, the military seized power in a coup led by Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF leader Dagalo. The US has announced $245m (197m) in humanitarian aid to Sudan and neighbouring states, which are bearing the brunt of the refugee crisis triggered by the conflict. He has also developed economic interests including controlling some of Sudan's gold mines. Exclusive news, data and analytics for financial market professionals, Writing by Aidan Lewis; editing by Frank Jack Daniel, Nigeria's NNPC winding down crude oil swap contracts, CEO says, Fighting escalates in Khartoum after ceasefire expires, Fresh protests rock Senegal as death toll climbs, Saudi foreign ministry calls on Sudan factions to agree new ceasefire, Turkish economy to return to 'rational ground', new finance minister says, Former Chinese ambassador says US must halt military deployments near China, Israel accuses U.N. nuclear watchdog of 'capitulating' to Iran, India rail crash probe focuses on track management system. [83] Tension had been building for months between Sudan's army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which together toppled a civilian government in an October 2021 coup. [36] They have also clashed over authority over sectors of Sudan's economy that are controlled by the two respective factions. Some major transit hubs used during the evacuation include the port of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia and Djibouti, which hosts military bases of the United States, China, Japan, France, and other European countries. How many Russians have left during war - and who are they? Hamid Murtada, a member of the resistance committees, described the resistance committees as having "an important role in raising awareness to their constituencies and in supporting initiatives that [would] end the war immediately". [186], In April, a video supposedly showing the RSF in control of the Khartoum International Airport on 15 April circulated on social media. This has forced evacuations to be undertaken by road via Port Sudan on the Red Sea, which lies about 650km (400 miles) northeast of Khartoum. E ach morning since April 15th, residents of Khartoum, Sudans capital, have woken to the thunder of air strikes and the crackle of nearby gunfire. The coup put the army back in charge but it faced weekly protests, renewed isolation and deepening economic woes. See here for a complete list of exchanges and delays. The Fur were the ruling ethnic group in the Darfur region before1916 . Solar panels - an eco-disaster waiting to happen? [62][63] Fighting between the SAF and the RSF continued, with heavy artillery fire reported in Omdurman despite a 72-hour ceasefire that started on 27 April. During the 20202021 Tigray War, Sudan also became The remaining 27 soldiers, who were from the Egyptian Air Force, were sheltered at the Egyptian embassy to be evacuated once the situation improved. Watch: Sheltering from fighter jets and gunfire around Khartoum airport. May 23, 2023. The population of Sudan is predominantly Muslim and the country's official languages are Arabic and English. [161] An army general later confirmed that the SAF had agreed to a 24-hour ceasefire to start at 18:00 local time (16:00 UTC). Throughout the conflict, RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan "Hemedti" Dagalo and Sudan's de facto leader and army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan have disputed control of government sites, including the general military headquarters, the Presidential Palace, Khartoum International Airport, Burhan's official residence, and the SNBC headquarters. [65] The Sudanese police deployed its Central Reserve Forces in the streets of Khartoum to maintain law and order,[66] and the unit later said that it had arrested 316 "rebels", referring to the RSF. Four years since Omar al-Bashir was ousted, Sudan continues to face chaotic economic and political conditions, and, since 15 April, a fierce war. The latest cease-fire the seventh since the war began is set to expire Saturday. Civilians have also called for the handover of lucrative military holdings in agriculture, trade and other industries - a crucial source of power for an army that has often outsourced military action to regional militias. [85], At least 25 civilians were killed and 26 injured during clashes in North Darfur, and an additional three civilians were killed by a rocket-propelled grenade, with a woman also being injured by a bullet. Energy-rich powers Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates have also sought to shape events in Sudan, seeing the transition away from Bashir's rule as a way to roll back Islamist influence and bolster stability in the region. The fighting that has erupted in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, and elsewhere in the country is a direct result of a vicious power struggle within the country's military leadership. Other evacuations were undertaken through overland border crossings or airlifts from diplomatic missions and other designated locations with direct involvement of the militaries of some home countries. 2002: January: A ceasefire was agreed [160] The SAF initially said it was unaware of any coordination with mediators or the international community regarding a truce and claimed the RSF was planning to use this time to cover up for a "crushing defeat". The clashes erupted in the middle of April amid an apparent power struggle between the two main factions of the military regime. It is disputed who fired the first shot but the fighting swiftly escalated in different parts of the country with more than 400 civilians dying, according to the World Health Organization. Gen Dagalo has said, in a series of tweets, that Gen Burhan's government were "radical Islamists" and that he and the RSF were "fighting for the people of Sudan to ensure the democratic progress for which they have so long yearned". Nesrine Malik writes that last weeks events in Sudan were started 20 years ago with the rebellion in Darfur ( The seeds of Sudans collapse were sown decades ago, Sudan after Bashir and the hijacking of the civilian revolution. [64] On 30 April, the SAF announced it was launching an all-out attack to flush out the RSF in Khartoum using air strikes and heavy artillery. [163], On 19 April, both the SAF and the RSF said that they had agreed to another 24-hour ceasefire starting at 18:00 local time (16:00 GMT). They, along with the US and Britain, form the Quad, which has sponsored mediation in Sudan along with the UN and the African Union. [91] Another 77 people were killed when fighting resumed in the city on 12 May. [30] Protests calling for civilian rule continued; in June 2019, the RSF perpetrated the Khartoum massacre, in which more than a hundred demonstrators were slain[29][26][22] and dozens were raped. [40] On 18 April, the EU's top humanitarian aid officer in Sudan, Wim Fransen of Belgium, was shot in Khartoum and suffered serious injuries. [143], Kyle Walter of Logically, a British disinformation analysis firm, said, "What's most concerning from this latest example of potential foreign interference is that it provides a look into how the nature of these threats are evolving, particularly in the context of the rapid onset of generative AI being used to create fake images and text. [180], On 12 May, the SAF and the RSF signed an agreement to allow safe passage for people leaving battle zones, protect relief workers and not to use civilians as human shields; however, there was no ceasefire agreement. All rights reserved. [110][111], In Kabkabiya, three employees of the World Food Programme (WFP) were killed after being caught in crossfire at a military base. International parties have called for humanitarian ceasefires and a return to dialogue, but there have been few signs of compromise from the warring factions despite a lull in fighting that allowed foreign nations to extract diplomats and citizens. Although we don't know if this so-called sophisticated 'special bulletin' was created by this technology, it is symbolic of the wider issue at hand: an inability to trust what you're seeing, reading, and the undermining of the entire information landscape. [94], Fifteen Syrian citizens,[95] fifteen Ethiopians[96] and nine Eritreans[97] have been killed across the country. [108] The French government later confirmed the casualty to be one of its soldiers. [28] Those killed at the airport were believed to be on board a passenger plane that was hit by a shell. There are fears that the fighting could further fragment the country, worsen political turbulence and draw in neighbouring states. Military sales peaked in 1982 at US$101 million. Justice is also being sought over the killings of pro-democracy protesters in June 2019, in which military forces are implicated. Gen Burhan has said he supports the idea of returning to civilian rule, but that he will only hand over power to an elected government. By midday the Battle of Omdurman was over. The friction was brought to a head by an internationally-backed plan to launch a new transition with civilian parties. KHARTOUM, April 17 (Reuters) - A conflict in Sudan that erupted on April 15 has killed hundreds of people, driven more than 100,000 to flee across the borders and displaced hundreds of thousands inside the country where many already relied on international aid before fighting began. The army accused the RSF of illegal mobilisation in preceding days and the RSF, as it moved on key strategic sites in Khartoum, said the army had tried to seize full power in a plot with Bashir loyalists. Sudanese conflict in South Kordofan and Blue Nile, the military (including the RSF) ousted al-Bashir in a coup d'tat, issued warrants for al-Bashir's arrest on charges of war crimes, in October 2021, the military seized power, List of military engagements during the 2023 Sudan conflict, Evacuation of foreign nationals during the 2023 Sudan conflict, Humanitarian impact of the 2023 Sudan conflict, Intergovernmental Authority on Development, Sudan: Deadly Sudan Army-RSF Clashes Spark Human Tragedy, Widespread Looting in Darfur, "Sudan fighting rages for second day despite UN-proposed ceasefire", "Sudan: Stalemates rule out one-man victory", "Sudan fighting in its 24th day: A list of key events", "United Nations backs Sudan envoy as army seeks to expel him", "Photos: Sudanese capital devastated by a month of brutal fighting", "No sign Sudan warring parties ready to 'seriously negotiate': UN", "Fighting Displaces More Than One Million Inside Sudan: IOM", "Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead", "At least 25 killed, 183 injured in ongoing clashes across Sudan as paramilitary group claims control of presidential palace", "Sudan Erupts in Chaos: Who Is Battling for Control and Why It Matters", "Gunfire and explosions erupt across Sudan's capital as military rivals clash", "Ethnic Conflict in Sudan in Historical Perspective", "Islamization in Sudan: A Critical Assessment", "Military Rule No Longer Viable in Sudan: Analyst", "Sudan's army chief, paramilitary head ready to de-escalate tensions, mediators say", "Sudanese general's path to power ran through Darfur", "Sudan conflict: why is there fighting and what is at stake in the region?". Already, tens of thousands have fled to neighbouring states including Egypt, Chad and South Sudan. Although it originated in southern Sudan, the civil war spread to the Nuba mountains and Blue Nile. WebUnited States Senator John Danforth was appointed Special Envoy to Sudan. [157] Gunfire and explosives continued to be heard during the ceasefire, drawing condemnation from Special Representative Volker Perthes. [120] American officials also said that Wagner was offering to supply additional weapons to RSF from its existing stocks in the Central African Republic. There are suspicions that both generals want to hang on to their positions of power, unwilling to losing the wealth and influence that go with them. Major geopolitical dimensions are also at play, with Russia, the US, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and other powers battling for influence in Sudan. Even though the conflict appears to be around the control of key installations, much of it is happening in urban areas and civilians have become the unwitting victims. Diplomats and analysts said this was part of a strategy by Hemedti to transform himself into a statesman and cement his position at the centre of power. Browse an unrivalled portfolio of real-time and historical market data and insights from worldwide sources and experts. Sudanese citizens, meanwhile, have flooded out of the capital area. An Indian national working in Khartoum died after being hit by a stray bullet on 15 April. [115] On 17 April, satellite imagery obtained by The War Zone revealed that one Egyptian Air Force MiG-29M2 fighter jet had been destroyed and two others had been heavily damaged or destroyed at Merowe Airbase. WebAn armed conflict between rival factions of the military government of Sudan began on 15 April 2023. [70] The United Nations' head of emergency relief, Martin Griffiths, arrived in Port Sudan to inspect aid operations, but reported that the "will to end the fight still was not there" after speaking with the leaders of the RSF and SAF. [14][15] In its modern history, two civil wars between the central government and the southern regions killed 1.5million people, and a continuing conflict in the western region of Darfur has displaced two million people and killed more than 200,000 people. It said that the SAF was monitoring "unusual activity among the Ethiopian forces" since the start of hostilities with the RSF and that Ethiopian forces were carrying out intensive reconnaissance and surveillance operations along the border. Center for Preventive Action. Caesarean by phone light - giving birth in a warzone, How the Pakistani military feel about Imran Khan. Smoke rises during clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in Khartoum, Sudan, April 19, 2023. KHARTOUM, April 17 (Reuters) - A conflict in Sudan that erupted on April 15 has killed hundreds of people, driven more than 100,000 to flee across the borders and It is not exactly clear where the RSF bases are, but it seems that their fighters moved into densely populated areas. It was largely a [137][138], On 19 April, the Sudanese newspaper Al-Sudani reported that the SAF had repelled an invasion by the Ethiopian Armed Forces in the disputed Al Fushqa District. This led to clashes when RSF forces took control of the Soba military base south of Khartoum. There was no immediate word from the SAF on whether it would reciprocate. The RSF claimed to have repelled a SAF attack and shooting down two helicopters. Sudan has, to my knowledge, had more coups than any other African nation. Both the FFC and Hemedti, who grew wealthy through gold mining and other ventures, stressed the need to sideline Islamist-leaning Bashir loyalists and veterans who had regained a foothold following the coup and have deep roots in the army. Screen for heightened risk individual and entities globally to help uncover hidden risks in business relationships and human networks. A second was the chain of command between the army and RSF leaders and the question of civilian oversight. 1977. Both the army and the RSF were required to cede power under the plan and two issues proved especially contentious. O'Ballance, Edgar. [73], As of 27 May, at least 1,800 people had been killed[5][6] and more than 5,100 others had been injured,[7] according to analysts. [176], On 1 May, United Nations Special Envoy to Sudan Volker Perthes announced that the SAF and the RSF had agreed to send representatives for negotiations mediated by the UN, but did not give a date or venue for the talks. The RSF was founded by Bashir to crush a rebellion in Darfur that began more than 20 years ago due to the political and economic marginalisation of the local people by [151] The delivery of badly-needed remittances from overseas migrant workers was also halted after Western Union announced it was closing all operations in Sudan until further notice. [90] Nearly 200 people died in ethnic clashes in Geneina, West Darfur in the last week of April. It is leading to mass displacement within Sudan that could increasingly spill over borders. A final deal was due to be signed in early April, on the fourth anniversary of the overthrow of long-ruling Islamist autocrat Omar al-Bashir in a popular uprising. [149] The Sudanese Doctors' Union said more than two-thirds of hospitals in conflict areas were out of service with 32 forcibly evacuated by soldiers or caught in the crossfire. Asia Abdelmajid, one of Sudans most prominent actresses, was killed in a crossfire in Khartoum Bahri. Over 160,000 people have fled to neighboring countries. The fact-checking website Lead Stories found that the video appeared online three months prior to the conflict. Such a strong force outside the army has been seen as a source of instability in the country. [116] The Libyan National Army, which is commanded by Haftar, denied providing support to any warring groups in Sudan and said it was ready to play a mediating role. In 2013, Bashir transformed the Janjaweed into a semi-organised paramilitary force and gave their leaders military ranks before deploying them to crush a rebellion in South Darfur and then dispatching many to fight in the war in Yemen, and later Libya. There were huge street protests calling for an end to his near-three decade rule and the army mounted a coup to get rid of him. 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